Spray drying of a phenolic‐rich membrane filtration fraction of olive mill wastewater: optimisation and dried product quality

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) from 3‐ and 2‐phase mills was subjected to a two‐step membrane filtration process. The obtained reverse osmosis retentate (RO‐R) is a phenolic‐rich coproduct stream, and the reverse osmosis permeate is a near‐pure water stream. A pilot‐scale spray dryer was used for the production of RO‐R powder. The optimum temperature/feed pump conditions were obtained for 3‐phase (150°C/4.4 Hz) and for 2‐phase RO‐R (175°C/3.8 Hz). The powders obtained by spray drying under these conditions were analysed for physicochemical properties, including identification and quantification of phenolic compounds. Protocatechuic acid, 3‐hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillic acid and p‐coumaric acid were quantified in both RO‐R powders, which show the possibility to obtain a phenolic‐rich powder from an OMWW filtration fraction. This will lead towards better usage of by‐products from olive oil production.     

Theoretical calculation simulation studies of ABV nuclear reactor coupled with desalination system

In this paper, research has been conducted on the floating type nuclear power plant named as ABV reactor which is designed for district heating, power, and sea water desalination by OKBM facility at Russia. This reactor was tested under different thermal loads during the designing phase, and three modules have been investigated. Theoretical calculations and simulation studies have been performed on these three modules having specifications as ABV‐6M with 47MW_th, ABV‐6 with 38MW_th, and ABV‐3 with 18MW_th.The results obtained from these modules have been calculated mathematically and verified by simulation. We have compared the originally derived data of ABV desalination system with our theoretical and simulation analysis. The results from two desalination techniques including RO and RO + MED have been calculated and are presented in this paper with details. The results obtained from both analysis show that the efficiency of ABV nuclear reactor desalination system increases with the decrease in corresponding water cost ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

正渗透汲取液的研究进展

正渗透是以膜两侧汲取液和原料液之间的渗透压差为驱动力,使水从原料液(较低渗透压)一侧自发传递到汲取液(较高渗透压)一侧的膜分离技术。汲取液是影响正渗透分离性能的重要因素之一,然而目前使用的大多数汲取液面临反向溶质渗透严重和再生能耗高的问题,这导致了正渗透性能的显著下降。简要介绍了近几年国内外主要研究的新型汲取液,分析总结了不同汲取液的优点及其应用范围。     

煤化工反渗透浓缩液的“零排放”技术的研究现状

随着近年来煤炭市场的萧条,我国煤炭企业面临着长期深度调整。可以预见,煤化工作为煤炭领域一个新的增长点,将在未来几年中得到广泛关注。然而,煤化工废水的处理,将成为制约企业发展的关键点。目前广泛采用的双膜法,虽然能够有效分离废水中的有机物和无机盐,但是所产生的反渗透浓缩液仍然难以处理。根据这一问题,探讨了现阶段可以采用的反渗透浓缩液深度处理技术和工艺,以及"零排放"技术面临的问题。     

电镀废水治理方案浅谈

物化-生物-膜法组合是电镀废水治理的主流工艺,物化法能够有效降低电镀废水中的重金属离子,生物法能有效去除有机物,膜法进一步截留全部污染物。结合三者的优点,能够有效降低电镀废水的处理成本,提高电镀废水的再生率。前处理废水和反渗透浓水混合厌氧处理即可去除有机物,也能降低废水中硫酸根,是电镀废水治理的发展方向。     

MBR/DTRO工艺用于中老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理

介绍了南通市垃圾填埋场渗滤液提标改造工程的设计及试运行情况,总结了MBR/DTRO工艺处理中老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液的工程设计经验,并分析了蒸发工艺处理浓缩液的利弊。结果表明,MBR/DTRO系统处理中老龄填埋场渗滤液能保证出水水质稳定且优于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)表3标准,对水质水量的抗冲击负荷能力较强。采用DTRO膜处理MBR出水和蒸发工艺处理浓缩液使最终清液产率达到95.4%,但该法运行成本较高,经济不发达地区不宜采用。     

玻璃窑余热电站锅炉补给水处理工艺设计

余热发电通常规模小,锅炉补给水处理工艺系统和处理设备、规模有其自身特点.通过分析低参数余热发电锅炉的水质要求,结合现代锅炉补给水处理技术的发展,分析并选择适合玻璃窑低参数余热发电项目要求的锅炉补给水处理方式.     

Whey fractionation through the membrane separation process

The aim of this work is to improve the utilisation of fractions of whey through membrane separation processes. From a solution of whey treated by ultrafiltration (UF) associated with diafiltration (DF), two streams were obtained: a concentrate and a permeate. In this process, a purified protein concentrate with about 70% of protein was obtained. Permeate was treated by electrodialysis (ED) to obtain a fraction rich in lactose (90%). The final effluent was treated by reverse osmosis (RO) in order to recover water free of salts. RO made it possible to recover 50% water and retain 85% of the salts.     

反渗透膜元件损坏诊断研究

为保证电厂锅炉补给水系统稳定运行,针对蒙古国第四电厂反渗透系统运行过程中出现的异常现象,通过采用外观检测、脱盐率检测、探针测试、染色试验及电子光谱化学分析(ESCA)等检测分析手段检测膜元件,结果表明反渗透膜元件在靠近进水侧300 mm处有物理损坏,并被证实是受到含氯氧化物污染所致,氯含量高达1.01%。通过更换新反渗透膜元件,反渗透系统恢复正常运行。为进一步提高反渗透系统的运行稳定性,今后应以研发可替代聚酰胺的新型抗氧化膜材料或对聚酰胺进行抗氧化改性为研究方向,并同时兼顾通量和压力损失等因素。     

The Use of Reverse Osmosis in the Removal of PAHs from Municipal Landfill Leachate

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are relatively well-known organic pollutants and due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties their presence in the environment still attracts a lot of attention.

According to literature reports and own research, PAHs presence in wastewaters is common. It was confirmed that PAHs are the components of municipal landfill leachate. Membrane techniques are one of the most interesting ways of removing PAHs from leachate.

The purpose of this article is to monitor PAHs concentration changes during the membrane (reverse osmosis - RO) leachate treatment processes. In the first stage of testing leachates were filtrated on the sand bed (pre-filtration). After the pre-filtration they were directed to the membrane module for the main filtration.

Sixteen PAHs listed by EPA were analyzed. The results with information on PAHs concentration in leachate samples were presented using HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD). The changes in PAHs concentration were determined in leachate samples before and after pre-filtration as well as after RO. The decrease of PAHs concentration in the samples was observed after these processes. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in raw municipal landfill leachates amounted to 23.64–26.95 μg/L. The research confirmed the high efficiency in removal of PAHs while using a reverse osmosis (59–72%). Including the pre-filtration, the overall level of removed PAHs reached 81–86%. The average PAHs concentration after pre-filtration and RO was in the 4.46–4.99 μg/L range. The municipal landfill leachate with a high concentration of PAHs should be cleaned before it is discharged into the environment.