双膜法应用于冶金中水回用工程实例

将超滤技术(UF)与反渗透技术(RO)相结合,对某铜冶炼厂中水进行深度处理,出水作为全厂工业循环冷却水系统补充水和锅炉给水使用。重点监测了超滤系统及反渗透系统的运行情况,连续3 a的运行结果表明,超滤系统运行稳定,出水水质优于反渗透进水要求;RO出水经后处理后,水质满足《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T 3923—2007)和《工业锅炉水质》(GB/T 1576—2008)。     

Reverse osmosis performance of organosilica membranes and comparison with the pervaporation and gas permeation properties

Hybrid organosilica membranes were successfully prepared using bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) and applied to reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The organosilica membrane calcined at 300^°C almost completely rejected salts and neutral solutes with low‐molecular‐weight. Increasing the operating pressure led to an increase in water flux and salt rejection, while the flux and rejection decreased as salt concentration increased. The water permeation mechanism differed from the viscous flow mechanism. Observed activation energies for permeation were larger for membranes with a smaller pore size, and were considerably larger than the activation energy for water viscosity. The organosilica membranes exhibited exceptional hydrothermal stability in temperature cycles up to 90^°C. The applicability of the generalized solution‐diffusion (SD) model to RO and pervaporation (PV) desalination processes were examined, and the quantitative differences in water permeance were accurately predicted by the application of generalized transport equations. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1298–1307, 2013     

南京新投运的大型化垃圾渗滤液处理工程介绍（一）——天井洼垃圾渗滤液处理工程

文章系统的介绍了南京天井洼垃圾渗滤液处理工程的基本情况,天井洼垃圾渗滤液处理工程采用的是外置式膜生化反应器（MBR）＋反渗透（RO）的工艺,同时对该渗滤液处理工程的工艺流程、主要设计技术参数以及浓水和污泥的处理、投运及其运营管理的意义进行了阐述和说明.     

真空膜蒸馏处理垃圾渗沥液反渗透浓水的研究

采用疏水聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜对垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓水进行真空膜蒸馏(VMD)试验,研究了曝气量、原液温度、冷侧真空度和浓缩倍数等对产水通量、COD、BOD5、氨氮含量、电导率、色度和pH的影响。结果表明,曝气可提高产水通量,当曝气量超过4 m3/(h.m2)时,产水通量趋于稳定;随着原水温度和真空度的提高,产水通量显著增加;浓缩倍数增大会降低产水通量,浓缩4倍后产水通量急剧下降。试验最大产水通量为8.38 kg/(h.m2),产水COD≤100 mg/L,BOD5≤30 mg/L,NH3-N的质量浓度≤25 mg/L,色度小于40度,电导率≤60μS/cm。     

马莲河苦咸水淡化中试项目

中试项目处理水量20 m3/h,采用一级两段式反渗透(RO)处理系统,段内加压。运行结果表明,反渗透工艺可有效去除苦咸水中的各种有害离子,水回收率达到84%以上。处理后的淡化水各项水质指标均显著优于生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749-2006)和饮用净水水质标准(CJ 94-2005)的相应标准值。     

2种超滤膜作为反渗透预处理工艺处理印染废水的比较

采用超滤和反渗透双膜技术处理广东省某印染污水处理有限公司的印染废水。分别使用了PVDF和PP中空纤维超滤膜,做为反渗透的预处理,并考察对比了2种超滤膜的性能和在相同操作条件下对印染废水的处理效果。结果表明,2种超滤膜均能有效地去除废水浊度和大分子有机物,PVDF膜对浊度的去除率达到了97%~99%,PP膜对浊度的去除率为94%~97%;2种超滤膜对SDI处理都能达到SDI<3,符合反渗透系统的进水要求。PVDF膜的膜通量稳定保持在18 L/(m2·h)以上,PP膜的膜通量在8~16 L/(m2·h)。PVDF膜的进水压力小于PP膜,能耗较低。PVDF膜的跨膜压差在0.08 MPa以下,PP膜的跨膜压差在0.13~0.19 MPa。PVDF中空纤维超滤膜对印染废水的处理性能要优于PP中空纤维超滤膜。     

Spiral Wound Reverse Osmosis Modules Decomposition into Elementary Units by Analyzing Stimulus Response Experiments: Characterization of the Solute Transfer across the Membrane

A model for spiral wound reverse osmosis modules FT30‐4040 has been developed by analyzing stimulus response experiments. Perfect mixing cells represent edthe flow and dispersed plug flow represented the membrane. The model was based on phenomenological equations describing the permeation. The identification of the Peclet number and the space‐time characterizing each dispersed plug flow led to the estimation of the tracer dispersion coefficient in the membrane. Ones new and two used composite reverse osmosis modules were tested. The decrease of the rejection properties of the used membranes was linked to the apparition of new plug flows with high dispersion coefficients within the membrane.     

Oxidative degradation of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes: Studies of molecular model compounds and selected membranes

Selected aromatic amides were used to model the chemical reactivity of aromatic polyamides found in thin‐film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Chlorination and possible amide bond cleavage of aromatic amides upon exposure to aqueous chlorine, which can lead to membrane failure, were investigated. Correlations are made of the available chlorine concentration, pH, and exposure time with chemical changes in the model compounds. From the observed reactivity trends, insights are obtained into the mechanism of RO membrane performance loss upon chlorine exposure. Two chemical pathways for degradation are shown, one at constant pH and another that is pH‐history dependent. An alternative strategy is presented for the design of chlorine‐resistant RO membranes, and an initial performance study of RO membranes incorporating this strategy is reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1173–1184, 2003     

Inland Treatment of the Brine Generated from Reverse Osmosis Advanced Membrane Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Epuvalisation System

The reverse osmosis (RO) brine generated from the Al-Quds University wastewater treatment plant was treated using an epuvalisation system. The advanced integrated wastewater treatment plant included an activated sludge unit, two consecutive ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filters (20 kD and 100 kD cutoffs) followed by an activated carbon filter and a reverse osmosis membrane. The epuvalisation system consisted of salt tolerant plants grown in hydroponic channels under continuous water flowing in a closed loop system, and placed in a greenhouse at Al-Quds University. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants were selected, and underwent two consecutive hydroponic flowing stages using different brine-concentrations: an adaptation stage, in which a 1:1 mixture of brine and fresh water was used; followed by a functioning stage, with 100% brine. A control treatment using fresh water was included as well. The experiment started in April and ended in June (2012). At the end of the experiment, analysis of the effluent brine showed a remarkable decrease of electroconductivity (EC), PO₄³⁻, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and K⁺ with a reduction of 60%, 74%, 70%, and 60%, respectively, as compared to the influent. The effluent of the control treatment showed 50%, 63%, 46%, and 90% reduction for the same parameters as compared to the influent. Plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh and dry weight) showed no significant difference between fresh water and brine treatments. Obtained results suggest that the epuvalisation system is a promising technique for inland brine treatment with added benefits. The increasing of channel number or closed loop time is estimated for enhancing the treatment process and increasing the nutrient uptake. Nevertheless, the epuvalisation technique is considered to be simple, efficient and low cost for inland RO brine treatment.     

工业污水深度处理回用技术研究

通过对石化企业工业污水进行曝气生物滤池、连续微滤、反渗透等深度处理,使出水满足工业化用水的水质要求,从而得以回用。