A Stylized Approach for Pencil Drawing from Photographs

We present a stylized scheme that produces pencil drawings in a range of styles from an image. To produce controllable pencil drawing effects and remedy the problems of existing convolution‐based schemes, we develop a swing bilateral LIC (SBL) filter. Our first approach to express the styled pencil drawings is to control the directions of pencil strokes that depicts both shapes and smooth tone. Another approach is to produce colors of pencil drawings by sampling colors from real color pencils. The third approach is to mimic the artistic technique that increases the details of drawings in a progressive manner. We present drawings in several styles and compare some of them directly with illustrations taken from an artists' work.     

Analytic Tangent Irradiance Environment Maps for Anisotropic Surfaces

Environment‐mapped rendering of Lambertian isotropic surfaces is common, and a popular technique is to use a quadratic spherical harmonic expansion. This compact irradiance map representation is widely adopted in interactive applications like video games. However, many materials are anisotropic, and shading is determined by the local tangent direction, rather than the surface normal. Even for visualization and illustration, it is increasingly common to define a tangent vector field, and use anisotropic shading. In this paper, we extend spherical harmonic irradiance maps to anisotropic surfaces, replacing Lambertian reflectance with the diffuse term of the popular Kajiya‐Kay model. We show that there is a direct analogy, with the surface normal replaced by the tangent. Our main contribution is an analytic formula for the diffuse Kajiya‐Kay BRDF in terms of spherical harmonics; this derivation is more complicated than for the standard diffuse lobe. We show that the terms decay even more rapidly than for Lambertian reflectance, going as l^–3, where l is the spherical harmonic order, and with only 6 terms (l = 0 and l = 2) capturing 99.8% of the energy. Existing code for irradiance environment maps can be trivially adapted for real‐time rendering with tangent irradiance maps. We also demonstrate an application to offline rendering of the diffuse component of fibers, using our formula as a control variate for Monte Carlo sampling.     

ISHair: Importance Sampling for Hair Scattering

We present an importance sampling method for the bidirectional scattering distribution function (bsdf) of hair. Our method is based on the multi‐lobe hair scattering model presented by Sadeghi et al. [ [SPJT10] ]. We reduce noise by drawing samples from a distribution that approximates the bsdf well. Our algorithm is efficient and easy to implement, since the sampling process requires only the evaluation of a few analytic functions, with no significant memory overhead or need for precomputation. We tested our method in a research raytracer and a production renderer based on micropolygon rasterization. We show significant improvements for rendering direct illumination using multiple importance sampling and for rendering indirect illumination using path tracing.     

New Bounds on the Size of Optimal Meshes

The theory of optimal size meshes gives a method for analyzing the output size (number of simplices) of a Delaunay refinement mesh in terms of the integral of a sizing function over the input domain. The input points define a maximal such sizing function called the feature size. This paper presents a way to bound the feature size integral in terms of an easy to compute property of a suitable ordering of the point set. The key idea is to consider the pacing of an ordered point set, a measure of the rate of change in the feature size as points are added one at a time. In previous work, Miller et al. showed that if an ordered point set has pacing ?, then the number of vertices in an optimal mesh will be O(?^dn), where d is the input dimension. We give a new analysis of this integral showing that the output size is only θ(n+nlog?). The new analysis tightens bounds from several previous results and provides matching lower bounds. Moreover, it precisely characterizes inputs that yield outputs of size O(n).     

场地平土和雨水管网的综合优化设计

通过寻求最小土石填挖量的场地标高和坡度设计,在满足土石填挖平衡的基础上,分析了场地平土的优化设计.同时在给定场地坡度的前提下,分析了雨水管网的布置,得出最优的管线布置.其次,将场地平土和雨水管网布置结合起来,在统一考虑场地平土坡度对平土费用和雨水管网布置费用影响的基础上,得出了二者总体费用最小的综合优化模型.最后,通过实例与分步设计方案费用的比较,证实了该综合优化模型的有效性.     

共沉淀法合成YAl3（BO3）4:Ce,Tb绿色荧光粉及其性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成YAl3(BO3)4:Ce,Tb绿色硼铝酸盐发光材料,通过X射线衍射(XRD)和光致发光(PL)光谱对其晶体结构和荧光光谱进行研究.测试结果表明:YAl3(BO3)4:Ce,Tb发光材料属于三方晶系、空间群R32,掺入Ce3+,Tb3+离子后晶格结构没有变化;发光材料的发射光谱主峰位于541 nm处的Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁峰,Ce3+离子对Tb3+有敏化作用;掺杂的稀土离子配比为Ce:Tb=0.3:0.1,B的掺杂量为25%,在1 100℃下、高温烧结2h的样品的荧光强度最好.     

高频接近开关检测原理与设计

研究了电感式接近开关工作电路的原理,其电路可分为振荡电路、检波电路和输出电路三部分,对这三部分电路分别进行了研究以及详细说明。     

基于PLC的发酵罐温度控制系统

针对发酵罐的温度控制特点,采用西门子PLC 226设计了发酵罐温度控制系统。由于进水阀采用双位阀,为了便于PLC 226实现,设计了一种基于模糊PID思想的智能控制器。该控制器按照模糊PID思想,但实现过程与模糊PID完全不同。本系统已在山西卫氏鱼康实业有限公司投入使用,经实际运行该控制系统能完全满足发酵罐的温度要求。     

煤块回水过程传质特性的实验研究

本文对干燥煤块的回水现象进行了实验研究。验证了回水过程具有三个特征阶段，并分析了环境因素，煤块粒径，初始含水率及干燥方式等因素对回水过程的影响。     

Effect of design of a sex-pheromone-baited delta trap on behavior and catch of maleEpiphyas postvittana (Walker)

Through field trials and wind-tunnel studies, we have demonstrated that certain structural features of a sex-pheromone-baited delta trap affect catch of light-brown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana, males, by influencing behaviors used to enter and exit the trap. Field catch of males was dependent upon length (and width) of the trap, with increases in length yielding linear increases in catch. In the wind tunnel, similar numbers of males entered the two traps, but significantly fewer males exited the longer trap within 1 min after entering it. Although males landed on the sticky surface at similar distances from the downwind entrances of the traps, they were stuck farther upwind on the longer trap. Thus, it is probable that the increase in field catch with increase in trap length relates to the increase in distance (and hence time) that males walk on the sticky surface, towards the pheromone source, before attempting to exit. The bottom barriers (as well as additional barriers at the top and sides) at the entrances of the trap also significantly influenced trap catch. The barriers apparently influence trap catch in two ways. Firstly, they hinder the exit of males from the trap, thus diverting males back into the trap and increasing their chance of being caught. Secondly, they influence where the male lands on the sticky surface; with higher barriers, males land farther upwind (i.e., nearer the source), and thus farther from an exit. Finally, as the source was suspended higher above a horizontal surface, greater numbers of males landed on the source. This result shows that the position where a maleE. postvittana lands is influenced by the relationship of the source to the surface and suggests that trap catch of males may similarly be influenced (i.e., by inducing males to land farther from the exits).