Effect-Size Indices for Dichotomized Outcomes in Meta-Analysis.

It is very common to find meta-analyses in which some of the studies compare 2 groups on continuous dependent variables and others compare groups on dichotomized variables. Integrating all of them in a meta-analysis requires an effect-size index in the same metric that can be applied to both types of outcomes. In this article, the performance in terms of bias and sampling variance of 7 different effect-size indices for estimating the population standardized mean difference from a 2 × 2 table is examined by Monte Carlo simulation, assuming normal and nonnormal distributions. The results show good performance for 2 indices, one based on the probit transformation and the other based on the logistic distribution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous translation of lectures and speeches

With increasing globalization, communication across language and cultural boundaries is becoming an essential requirement of doing business, delivering education, and providing public services. Due to the considerable cost of human translation services, only a small fraction of text documents and an even smaller percentage of spoken encounters, such as international meetings and conferences, are translated, with most resorting to the use of a common language (e.g. English) or not taking place at all. Technology may provide a potentially revolutionary way out if real-time, domain-independent, simultaneous speech translation can be realized. In this paper, we present a simultaneous speech translation system based on statistical recognition and translation technology. We discuss the technology, various system improvements and propose mechanisms for user-friendly delivery of the result. Over extensive component and end-to-end system evaluations and comparisons with human translation performance, we conclude that machines can already deliver comprehensible simultaneous translation output. Moreover, while machine performance is affected by recognition errors (and thus can be improved), human performance is limited by the cognitive challenge of performing the task in real time.     

How Meta-Analysis Increases Statistical Power.

One of the most frequently cited reasons for conducting a meta-analysis is the increase in statistical power that it affords a reviewer. This article demonstrates that fixed-effects meta-analysis increases statistical power by reducing the standard error of the weighted average effect size (T?.) and, in so doing, shrinks the confidence interval around T?.. Small confidence intervals make it more likely for reviewers to detect nonzero population effects, thereby increasing statistical power. Smaller confidence intervals also represent increased precision of the estimated population effect size. Computational examples are provided for 3 effect-size indices: d (standardized mean difference), Pearson's r, and odds ratios. Random-effects meta-analyses also may show increased statistical power and a smaller standard error of the weighted average effect size. However, the authors demonstrate that increasing the number of studies in a random-effects meta-analysis does not always increase statistical power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

英语谚语的修辞和汉译特点

从语音、语义、结构3个方面分析了英语谚语的语言修辞特点,在此基础上,提出了等值、直译、意译、直意结合等4种汉译方法。另外,还提及了引申、对衬、格言、借用等4种具体翻译技巧。     

小型微/纳米级三坐标测量机的研制

介绍一套低成本小型三维坐标测量机的研制过程，作为微/纳米级超精密测量设备，整体机台结构采用花岗岩材料；X／Y轴的移动平台利用压电材料摩擦驱动与挠性变形原理，长短两行程可达25mm范围及5nm的微位移，藉自行研发的衍射干涉激光尺，位置回馈测量系统可具有0．025nm的分辨率；测量探头在一般DVD光读取头的自动聚焦原理基础上改装，最佳分辨率可达2．5nm，该雏形机适于测量微机电组件、微型器件及膜厚等。     

武钢 10000 m3/h制氧机主冷泄漏故障处理及应急保产方式

氧气生产单位保用户用气一旦出现较为紧张的局面时，如何正确处理保安全生产运行、保用户生产、安排抢修时间三者之间的关系，值得关注与研究。     

并联机床后置处理器的开发及实验研究

以六自由度6-TPS型并联机床为模型，阐述了机床控制数据的生成原理和流程；以此为基础，规划了后置处理器的功能和整体结构。对若干关键技术进行了研究和探讨，包括基于参数化二进制格式的内部数据传输，基于刀轴矢量的笛卡儿空间粗插补算法，三维和二维刀具半径补偿，刀位文件的预处理以及加工代码的词法和语法检查等。最后介绍了利用本系统进行的切削实验，验证了系统的工程实用性。     

“新时期统计文化建设研讨会”综述

统计文化是一种行业性的亚文化,是科学文化与人文文化的结合。在新的历史时期,统计文化有着丰富的内涵和表现形式,其中深层次的精神文化居于核心地位。统计文化对统计人员的影响往往体现在统计职业道德之中。统计文化建设是一项复杂的系统工程,必须坚持以人为本。     

Methodological Challenges in Union Commitment Studies.

Methodological problems in studies of union commitment were identified and illustrated with data from 4,641 members and 479 stewards in 297 local teachers' unions. Using a 20-item union commitment scale, results confirmed the existence of 3 substantive factors and 1 method factor at the individual level of analysis: loyalty to the union, responsibility to the union, willingness to work for the union, and a factor of negatively worded items. Tests of measurement invariance showed that the scale captured commitment for rank-and-file members but not for union stewards. The authors also found partial measurement invariance between long-time and newer members and full measurement invariance between men and women. Finally, the authors found that violation of the statistical assumption of independence reduced model fit when individual commitment scores were analyzed without attention to the hierarchical nature of the data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于Web平台的机器翻译系统

用户可以通过Internet访问和使用机器翻译系统，在线机器翻译系统可以帮助用户阅读网上外文材料。用户一般通过购买相关软件或访问提供在线翻译的网站来获取翻译服务，但是专用软件价格昂贵，或者获得的在线翻译效果不能令人满意。通过Web服务与J2EE技术的结合，提出了将机器翻译拳统包装为Web服务的机制，使企业和个人能够以较低的代价方便地享受更高质量的翻译服务。