Seasonality in Estonian Traditional Landscape: The Example of Large Village Swings

Like every nation, Estonians have their own indigenous customs and habits. Village swings and the place of these swings in the landscape are focused upon as an example of such Estonian customs, and changes in landscape as related to seasonality and liminality are discussed. The word ‘swing’ is used to denote a large construction (traditionally made of wood) that is able to carry and swing at least two people. Village swings (for public use) are usually located in the middle of a village and the site is commonly used by young people as a place to meet and have a good time. Swinging takes place mostly in the spring and summer, forming one of the many seasonal activities that make up the Estonian traditional calendar. The seasonal break in swinging activity contributes to the eagerness with which swinging is resumed when spring returns, so seasonality creates frames, with the most valued time being the spring. With swinging, the spring has been celebrated as a very valuable and long-awaited season. Although the religious background for swinging has been forgotten, the place is still special and is visited mostly on certain festive occasions. As there is no comparable alternative to swing sites as a socializing place in the village, they have persisted through the centuries. The importance of preserving such unique seasonal places in Estonia's social landscape is demonstrated.     

Liminality,Seasonality and Landscape

To the student of landscape, as well as to the landscape planner, designer and manager, it is important to distinguish between differing modalities in the conceptualization of landscape and seasonality. The logic of the absolute geometric space of the map and central point perspective prospect, and the chronometric time of the calendar, is qualitatively different from the liminality of place and seasonal holidays. Here it is the content that defines the seasons, not the regularities of a quantitative system of measurement. This distinction is critical when it comes to working with seasonal landscapes, because they can be defined in terms of either modality.     

塔夫里与柯布西耶——关于建筑的现代性

本文试图勾勒威尼斯建筑学派的领导人物塔夫里如何透过柯布西耶的系列研究发现,塔夫里对人们习以为常的观念,提出了不同的诠释与批判,像乡愁、场所、涵构、技术、自然与乌托邦等概念。最后,塔夫里指出必须在城市的尺度上解决现代性的问题,权力的集中与公共部门的整合是必然的。这却与此刻时代的走向相龃龉。     

Places that Support Human Flourishing: Lessons from Later Life

This review paper contends that by paying attention to the quality of life issues raised by older people, planners may promote better places for all. Recent research in the UK that asked older people to identify quality of life criteria revealed that health, income, social networks, community participation, information, activities, home, neighbourhood and mobility are key areas where old age can be enriched. The paper argues that of these, home, neighbourhood and mobility are paramount for four reasons. Firstly, older people are seen as situated, even fixed, in domestic environments; secondly, society has responded to later life by creating age-segregated spaces; thirdly, lessening mobility may increase the importance of the local arena and fourthly the interplay between the self and the environment underpins or undermines independence. The significance of place means that planners, even more than other professionals, need to be age aware. Drawing on recent national and international research this paper contemplates what a more age-friendly place might be like and considers how issues of age can interact with the broader planning agendas of sustainability, cohesion and liveability to create places that promote well-being for every member of the community.     

Quality assurance and quality control practices for rehabilitation of sewer and water mains

As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Aging Water Infrastructure Research Program, several areas of research are being pursued including a review of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) practices and acceptance testing during the installation of rehabilitation systems (USEPA 2011). The objectives of this research effort were to collect, analyze and summarize information on the installation and QA/QC practices for the trenchless rehabilitation of sewer and water transmission mains. In addition, consideration was given to practices related to water service lines, sewer service laterals, force mains, siphons, sewer manholes, pumping stations, associated wet wells and other appurtenances. This review was accomplished primarily by conducting interviews directly with rehabilitation technology vendors, design engineers and water and wastewater utilities that have a track record of using trenchless rehabilitation technologies within their network. This paper provides an overview of how QA/QC issues have been handled in North America for trenchless rehabilitation technologies.     

威尼斯城市场所营造研究

威尼斯古城本身是一个复杂的场所系统,其中包含着不同层级的场所形态。本文通过对威尼斯城市场所形态的观察、研究,对其场所空间生长机制、场所结构逻辑以及场所空间特征进行分析总结。     

主题性纪念馆设计方法探讨——以南王庄纪念馆为例

本文以南王庄纪念馆设计为例,从主题表达、地域文化表达、外部空间与场所建构、建筑功能与空间布局、建筑形态设计等方面探讨了主题性纪念馆设计的方法。     

博物馆设计与地域性的关系初探——论长沙铜官窑遗址博物馆设计

人类对于艺术、技术的追求,从古至今从未改变。在今天的中国,我们究竟需要什么样的博物馆,才能承载当代的我们,以及后世子孙的艺术梦想？我们究竟需要用什么方式才能表现出博物馆地域性的特征？我们究竟需要用什么方式才能表现出博物馆特有的场所精神？我们究竟需要用什么样的技术手段才能实现对当代博物馆的良好诠释？     

改进的ESMD用于公共场所异常声音特征提取

由于公共场所异常声音的特殊性及背景噪声的复杂性,极点对称模态分解(ESMD)用于异常声音分解时,存在一些理论和技术上的缺陷。经分析认为公共场所异常声音为非线性、非平稳信号,背景噪声服从T分布。为此,提出改进的ESMD用于公共场所异常声音分解,得到有利于识别的特征。所提出方法的特点是将T分布噪声序列添加到具有背景噪声的异常声音信号中,以减小背景噪声对特征提取的影响;将模态分量的排列熵作为判定异常声音与背景噪声的准则,自适应筛选有效的模态分量;用对称中点插值法替代极值中点奇偶插值法,以缓解ESMD插值端点不明确带来的模态失真。在公共场所异常声音数据库上进行了相关实验。实验结果表明,所提出的方法与目前典型的时频信号处理方法相比,在提高公共场所异常声音分类识别率的同时,缩短异常声音的分解时间,是一种有效的公共场所异常声音特征提取方法。