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排序方式: 共有919条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
21.
Muhammad G. Abd El-Moghny Hafsa H. Alalawy Ahmad M. Mohammad Amina A. Mazhar Mohamed S. El-Deab Bahgat E. El-Anadouli 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(16):11166-11176
Research is moving rapidly to sustain convenient energy resources fulfilling the global climate legislations. Herein, a novel catalyst of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) dispersed onto polyaniline (PANi) is recommended for formic acid electro-oxidation (FAO); the fundamental anodic reaction in direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). The catalyst's preparation scheme allows a sequential electrodeposition of fibril PANi and spherical PtNPs (ca. 65 nm in size) on a glassy carbon (GC) substrate and permits a precise control over the deposition sequence and loading. Interestingly, incorporation of PANi into the catalyst's ingredients can significantly (ca. 16 times) improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst towards FAO by shifting the mechanism towards the desirable dehydrogenation pathway and mitigating the undesirable poisoning dehydration pathway. The catalytic efficiency is tuned by manipulating the deposition order and loading of different catalyst's ingredients. Several techniques are employed to confirm the successful deposition of the catalyst and to evaluate its morphology, composition and crystal structure. While PtNPs are essential for FA adsorption, PANi improves the dispersion of PtNPs and mediates FAO to facilitate the charge transfer and mitigate CO poisoning. A promising catalytic stability is achieved in a long continuous (150 CVs) electrolysis experiment. 相似文献
22.
目的 对2019年9月4日发生在云南省楚雄彝族自治州的一起误食光硬皮马勃中毒事件进行调查分析,明确中毒原因,总结中毒特点及救治方法,为该蘑菇中毒事件的处置提供借鉴。方法 收集中毒病例资料、进行流行病学调查、对蘑菇样品进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。结果 2例患者各进食了约50 g购买于市场的马勃后,出现了腹痛、恶心、呕吐、腹泻及低血压的症状,潜伏期0.5~1 h,经过对症治疗后好转出院。蘑菇标本经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为光硬皮马勃。结论 此次事件是因误食光硬皮马勃引起的急性中毒事件。光硬皮马勃与可食用的云南硬皮马勃外形相似,常因误食而中毒。鉴于很多毒蘑菇与一些食用菌形态上极为相似而导致误采误食,建议不要随意采食野生蘑菇。 相似文献
23.
Bacillus cereus comprises the largest group of endospore‐forming bacteria and can cause emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. A total of 496 B. cereus strains isolated from various sources (food, environmental, clinical) were assessed by a multiplex PCR for the presence of enterotoxin genes. The detection rate of nheA, entFM, hblC, and cytK enterotoxin genes among all B. cereus strains was 92.33%, 77.21%, 59.47%, and 47.58%, respectively. Enterotoxigenic profiles were determined in emetic toxin‐ (8 patterns) and enterotoxin‐producing strains (12 patterns). The results provide important information on toxin prevalence and toxigenic profiles of B. cereus from various sources. Our findings revealed that B. cereus must be considered a serious health hazard and Bacillus thuringiensis should be considered of a greater potential concern to food safety among all B. cereus group members. Also, there is need for intensive and continuous monitoring of products embracing both emetic toxin and enterotoxin genes. 相似文献
24.
Ho Seong Lee Hyun Mi Lee Jun-Young Park Hyung-Tae Lim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(49):22511-22518
This study investigated the effect of H2S concentration (5, 10 and 50 ppm) on the degradation and performance of Ni-YSZ anode supported solid oxide fuel cells. When supplied with hydrogen fuel containing H2S, the cell voltage dropped rapidly, and with increasing H2S concentration, voltage drop % increased (due to higher sulfur coverage on the Ni surface) and saturated more rapidly. A high concentration (50 ppm) of H2S led to an additional, slow rate voltage loss. In all cases, cell performance did not completely recover even after being supplied with H2S-free hydrogen fuel, because of the incomplete desorption of sulfur from the Ni surface. After the performance tests, nickel sulfides were detected on the Ni surface by Raman spectra, which were produced by the reaction of the remaining adsorbed sulfur with Ni during the cooling process. This indicates that the formation of nickel sulfides was not responsible for the secondary voltage drop. SEM/EDS analyses combined with FIB revealed that the reason for the additional 2nd drop was Ni oxidation; at a high sulfur coverage ratio (50 ppm), the outer layer of the Ni particle was oxidized by oxygen ions transported from the electrolyte. This indicates that H2S concentration as well as current density is a critical factor for Ni oxidation, and gives rise to the second voltage drop (irreversible cell degradation). The present work showed that the degradation behavior and phenomenon can differ significantly depending on the concentration of H2S, i.e., permanent changes may or may not occur on the anode (such as Ni oxidation) depending upon H2S concentration. 相似文献
25.
Soran Shwan Louise Olsson Magnus Skoglundh Jonas Jansson 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2015,61(1):215-223
The focus of this work is to investigate whether a previously developed microkinetic deactivation model for hydrothermally treated Fe‐BEA as NH3‐SCR catalyst can be applied to describe chemical deactivation of Fe‐BEA due to phosphorous exposure. The model describes the experiments well for Fe‐BEA before and after phosphorous exposure by decreasing the site density, representing deactivation of sites due to formation of metaphosphates blocking the active iron sites, while the kinetic parameters are kept constant. Furthermore, the results show that the activity for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is very sensitive to loss of active monomeric iron species due to phosphorous poisoning compared to high‐temperature SCR. Finally, the ammonia inhibition simulations show that exposure to phosphorous may affect the internal transport of ammonia between ammonia storage sites buffering the active iron sites, which results in a lower SCR performance during transient conditions. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 215–223, 2015 相似文献
26.
采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS),结合拉伸力学性能与维氏硬度测试,研究了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂对含Zr的7050铝合金铸态、均匀化态以及时效变形态的微观组织演变规律、第二相析出行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在7050合金中,Zr元素会使Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C均发生细化"中毒现象",降低晶粒细化剂的细晶效果;与Al-Ti-1B相比,增大Al-Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂的添加量对于缓解"Zr中毒"现象,细化晶粒更有效,且能够提高合金强度与硬度,并使合金保持较好伸长率;同时,使用Al-5Ti-0.2C晶粒细化剂的7050合金,其第二相的分布较使用Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂更加弥散、均匀。 相似文献
27.
高炉煤气脱硫是实现钢铁行业多工序全流程超低排放的关键。高炉煤气中主要有机硫组分是羰基硫(COS),常用γ-Al2O3基催化剂水解脱除,但是其抗氧性能有待提高。采用共沉淀法制备了Ti0.5Al和K0.2Ti0.5Al催化剂,考察了催化剂在含氧气氛下的COS水解催化性能,并分析了氧体积分数对COS转化率和H2S产率的影响规律。活性测试结果表明,Ti0.5Al催化剂的初始COS转化率接近90%,随着反应时间增长效率逐渐降低至60%以下;K0.2Ti0.5Al催化剂在0.5% (体积分数) O2的气氛下持续反应22 h后,其COS转化率仍可保持在93.44%。表征结果显示,催化剂失活后比表面积大幅减小,表面碱性显著减弱。此外,活性中心Al原子硫酸化是导致催化剂失活的主要原因,而硫酸盐的沉积为次要原因。原位红外结果表明,K的引入可显著减弱O2在催化剂表面的吸附,并且阻断中间过渡物种的氧化,这是K提高催化剂抗氧性能的关键。 相似文献
28.
介绍了双加压法稀硝酸生产工艺流程及铂网中毒后的影响部位,分析了铂网铁中毒、油中毒和灰中毒的工艺状况及原因。针对硝酸装置出现过的铂网中毒现象,提出了相应的预防措施,即提高空气过滤器的净化度、增设氨过滤器或更新氨过滤器型式、减少铁杂质的来源。 相似文献
29.
Teh C. Ho 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2020,66(6):e16930
Metal sulfide catalysts for ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization of diesel generally lose a fraction of their catalytically active sites during reactor startup. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. A laboratory diagnostic tool consisting of three probe molecules is developed for testing metal sulfide catalysts' start-of-run (SOR) activity maintenance. It is found that a significant fraction of the active sites on a commercial supported catalyst are deactivated permanently, but this is not the case with a bulk metal sulfide catalyst. The SOR deactivation of the bulk catalyst is completely reversible, while that of the supported catalyst is partially reversible. The diagnostic tool may provide a basis for developing a high-throughput approach for evaluating and enhancing catalyst SOR stability, thereby increasing plant productivity. 相似文献
30.