受限空间安全作业管理浅析

受限空间因受作业场所限制,存在的危险因素较多,受限空间安全管理控制措施为:建立许可制,落实责任和措施,做好受限空间作业人员的个体防护,对受限空间作业的安全管理要实行从审批到应急处理全过程的控制。介绍了受限空间的危险特点和事故类型,提出了受限空间作业安全管理的具体措施。     

Preparation and characterization of Pt nanoparticles supported on a Fe-doped hydroxyapatite-activated Vulcan XC72 composite material

In this research, the hydroxyapatite (HAp) could be directly deposited on carbon black (CB), which was the modified surface to generate more OH⁻ free radicals to strengthen the bond between HAp and CB, before adding ((NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂·6H₂O) to engage the ion exchange with Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺ to obtain FeHAp-CB composites. The Pt nanoparticles were then reduced on the FeHAp-CB composite surface to derive a Pt/FeHAp-CB catalyst of dual function. The catalyst revealed a steep desorption peak at −0.180 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in a hydrogen oxidation reaction ascribed to the characteristics of Pt (110) facet and the CO detoxication function in the methanol oxidation reaction. The superior performance of Pt/FeHAp-CB/CB catalyst was apparently related to the Pt (110) surface, the Fe concentration, and the homogeneous dispersion of Pt particles on the FeHAp-CB composites. And, the ratio of coexisting Pt⁰ and Pt²⁺ within Pt/FeHAp-CB/CB catalyst would definitely affect chemical stability and mass activity. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that a high quantity of Pt⁰ could improve mass activity, while a high quantity of Pt²⁺ contributed to chemical stability.     

Enhanced ammonia synthesis activity of Ru/Ba5Ta4O15 catalyst by reduction of Ba5Ta4O15 with CaH2

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European Food Poisoning Outbreaks Involving Meat and Meat-based Products

Foodborne illnesses are syndromes including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea caused by the ingestion of food contaminated by chemical substances or microorganisms and/or their toxins. Reporting of food poisoning has been mandatory for European Union member states since 2003. Data collected by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) include number of outbreaks per causative agent, number of human cases as well as hospitalization and death rates. This paper will focus on meat products as food vehicles for FBOs. Following the legal definition of meat and meat products and the European reporting scheme, the main pathogenic bacteria will be presented.     

Purified high‐sulfur coal as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

The use of low‐rank coal in a clean and efficient manner is a major challenge facing the current coal technology. A high‐sulfur coal with 4.5 wt% sulfur is chosen to examine the compatibility of the pristine coal and the purified contrast with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with nickel cermet anodes. Desulfurization of the pristine coal is performed by molten caustic leaching method with a removal ratio of 80%. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of coal samples indicate that the purified coal has a more favorable structure and higher Boudouard reactivity, which is suitable as a fuel for fuel cells. The assessment of electrochemical performance reveals that the purification treatment not only makes the peak power density of SOFCs improve from 115 to 221 mW cm^?2 at 900°C but also extends their durability from 1.7 to 11.2 hours under a current density of 50 mA cm^?2 at 850°C with a fuel availability increasing from 6.25% to 40%. The postmortem analyses show that far less deposited carbon and nickel sulfide are observed on the anode surface. The fuel‐based investigation reveals that the purified coal is a promising fuel for direct carbon fuel cells.     

Security Attacks in Named Data Networking: A Review and Research Directions

Journal of Computer Science and Technology - Contents such as audios, videos, and images, contribute most of the Internet traffic in the current paradigm. Secure content sharing is a tedious issue....     

机器学习系统毒化攻击综述

自机器学习被应用到许多关键性领域以来,机器学习系统的脆弱性也引起了人们的高度重视。其中,针对机器学习系统的毒化攻击得到了研究者的广泛关注,呈现了一些研究成果。因此,将系统地介绍当前机器学习系统毒化攻击的研究进展,对机器学习系统毒化攻击算法进行分类和总结,包括针对机器学习中的线性分类器、支持向量机、贝叶斯分类器和深度神经网络等几类常见模型的毒化攻击等攻击算法,目标是使现有的关于机器学习系统毒化攻击的研究成果更加清晰,为相关研究者的研究工作提供启发。     

一种基于数据复杂度的投毒数据检测方法

针对机器学习模型训练过程中攻击者可以利用修改原始训练数据生成投毒数据的方式对机器学习模型进行投毒攻击的问题,提出一种基于数据复杂度的投毒数据检测方法。该方法在正常数据集的基础上,应用梯度上升策略对正常数据集内的样本实例进行自我投毒,通过挖掘自我投毒产生的投毒数据对正常数据集数据复杂度的影响,训练能够辨别投毒数据的检测模型。该方法在选定的应用场景中的检测准确率比现有方法有更好的效果。实验结果表明,投毒数据能够有效降低机器学习模型预测能力,应用基于数据复杂度的检测方法能够有效检测投毒数据,降低投毒数据对模型预测能力的不良影响。     

Fe-Mn/TiO2低温NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂的SO2中毒机理

Fe-Mn/TiO₂低温脱硝催化剂具有较高的低温活性和热稳定性,但抗SO₂能力差,不能满足工业应用要求。目前对于SO₂中毒位点以及中毒机理仍不明确。通过浸渍法制备了Fe-Mn/Ti、Fe/Ti、Mn/Ti,并在SO₂或NH₃-SCR气氛下对催化剂进行预硫化,通过TPD、H2-TPR、XRD、FTIR、XPS等表征手段对预硫化前后的样品进行表征,发现Ti、Fe/Ti、Mn/Ti和Fe-Mn/Ti催化剂预硫化后,Ti均发生硫酸化。在NH₃-SCR气氛比在SO₂气氛下催化剂中毒更严重,Fe加入后与Mn形成复合氧化物,改变Mn的存在状态,抑制Mn的硫酸化,但并没能阻止Ti的硫酸化。因此催化剂的抗毒性不仅要防止活性组分中毒,也需要防止载体中毒。     

Effects of Si and Cu contents on grain size of Al–Si–Cu alloys

The influence of the silicon and copper contents on the grain size of high-purity Al–Si, Al–Cu, and Al–Si–Cu alloys was investigated. In the Al–Si alloys, a poisoning effect was observed and a poor correlation between the grain size and growth restriction factor was obtained. A possible cause of the poisoning effect in these alloys is the formation of a TiSi₂ monolayer on the particles acting as nucleation sites or another poisoning mechanism not associated with TiSi₂ phase formation. In the Al–Cu alloys, a good correlation between the grain size and growth restriction factor was found, whereas in the Al–Si–Cu alloys, the correlation between these two parameters was inferior.