Stopping Rules in Balanced Allocation Problems: Exact and Asymptotic Distributions

Abstract

The properties of balanced randomization procedures for several treatments under a general (nonuniform) allocation are reviewed. Under one of such schemes, the truncated multinomial randomization design, the initial assignment probabilities are employed until a treatment fulfills its quota of subjects, after which these probabilities become these of the conditional distribution for the remaining available treatments, and so on. Another design, the random allocation rule, chooses at random one of possible balanced assignments of the given number of subjects per treatment. These two schemes turn out to be quite different: the target fulfillment instants for the truncated multinomial randomization design occur much earlier than for the random allocation rule. Under the truncated multinomial randomization design, the limiting behavior of these instants is determined by normal order statistics with different variances; for the random allocation rule this role is played by the sums of independent but heterogeneous geometric random variables. The formulas for the selection bias and the accidental bias of both procedures are given.     

Modifications of carbon for polymer composites and nanocomposites

The various forms of carbon used in composite preparation include mainly carbon-black, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, graphite and fullerenes. This review presents a detailed literature survey on the various modifications of the carbon nanostructures for nanocomposite preparation focusing upon the works published in the last decade. The modifications of each form of carbon are considered, with a compilation of structure-property relationships of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites. Modifications in both bulk and surface modifications have been reviewed, with comparison of their mechanical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties. A synopsis of the applications of these advanced materials is presented, pointing out gaps to motivate potential research in this field.     

PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithm for phase noise mitigation based on the hidden convexity

The performance of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reconstruction is significantly deteriorated by the random phase noises arising from the atmospheric turbulence or frequency jitter of the transmit signal. Recently, the emerging phase retrieval (PR) technique is gradually extended to the SAR reconstruction problem via the phase-corrupted data attributing to its alluring potential for phase noise mitigation. In this paper, a novel PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithm for phase noise mitigation is proposed by jointing alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and Kolmogorov spectral factorization (KoSF). Owing to the exploiting of the hidden convexity of PR-based SAR reconstruction problem and the structure advantage of the quadratic magnitude measurement, the proposed algorithm acquires better robustness for the complex-valued Gaussian white noises and the random phase noises than the existing PR-based SAR reconstruction algorithms. In the experiments, the synthetic scene data and the moving and stationary target recognition Sandia laboratories implementation of cylinders (MSTAR SLICY) target data are provided to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

热轧板凸度及冷轧压下率对退火粘结的影响

热轧板凸度过大,楔形严重,凸度不对称和有局部高点,均可造成罩式炉退火时产生粘结。增大冷轧压下率,可进一步降低轧后凸度,降低再结晶温度,有利于防止粘结的产生。     

笼型倍半硅氧烷改性的耐高温厌氧胶

以环氧丙烯酸酯为单体,不饱和笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)及N-对甲苯基马来酰亚胺(NPTM I)为耐高温改性剂,选择合适的氧化还原体系及其他助剂,制成耐高温厌氧胶,并对其性能进行了相关测试。结果表明,此厌氧胶剪切强度最高达20 MPa,在200℃剪切强度保持率为75%左右,耐高温性能良好。     

砂卵石土直剪试验颗粒离散元细观力学模拟

砂卵石土作为一种特殊的岩土材料越来越受到研究者的重视。以三维颗粒流程序(PFC3D)为工具,建立砂卵石土直剪试验数值模型,并与试验结果进行对比分析,由于砂卵石土是一种三维不连续介质,并具有任意的形状,数值模拟结果相对于试验数据偏低。为更好地研究其抗剪特性,采用多面体颗粒近似模拟砂卵石土,并将其结果与以传统的球形颗粒模拟砂卵石土的结果进行对比分析。结果表明:多面体颗粒相对于球形颗粒而言,能较好地反映砂卵石土直剪试验的剪切破坏现象,与试验数据更加吻合。细观参数敏感性分析表明:抗剪曲线的峰值段主要受接触刚度和摩擦系数的影响,剪切曲线的上升段主要受接触刚度的影响。     

有机-无机杂化纳米结构体——多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷研究进展

多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷是基于化学键合作用形成的分子内杂化体系,其改性后的材料是一类具有广泛潜在应用价值的新型有机-无机杂化材料。介绍了多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷单体的结构、性能、单体及其衍生物的合成,以及其改性聚合物材料在航空、航天、生物、电子等高科技领域内的应用前景。针对国内的研究现状,指出低聚硅倍半氧烷-聚合物杂化体系研究所存在的问题。     

Synthesis,Morphology, and Viscoelastic Properties of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanocomposites with Epoxy and Cyanate Ester Matrices

Octaaminophenyl(T₈)POSS [1, (C₆H₄NH₂)₈(SiO_1.5)₈] and dodecaaminophenyl(T₁₂)POSS [2, (C₆H₄NH₂)₁₂(SiO_1.5)₁₂] were synthesized, characterized and then incorporated into two types of thermoset resins: (1) the bisphenol-F-based cyanate ester resin, PT-15, and (2) epoxy (Epon 828, Shell Chemical Corp.)/4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) resin, respectively, to make two series of nanocomposites. The sum of amino groups in both DDM and POSS were held in a 1:1 mole ratio to the epoxy groups. EPON-828/1/DDM and EPON-828/2/DDM composites (78.63/0/21.37, 77.48/5/17.52, 76.34/10/13.66, 74.05/20/5.95 and 72.28/27.72/0 wt/wt/wt compositions for both series) were prepared. PT-15/1 and PT-15/2 composites (99/1, 97/3 and 95/5 wt/wt compositions for both types) were also prepared. These nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), solvent extraction and FT-IR. In all systems, POSS 1 and 2 were chemically bound into the resin matrix and phase-separated POSS particle domains were not observed. Incorporation of both 1 and 2 can dramatically elevate the high temperature bending storage moduli, E′, of epoxy resins.     

含活性氢基的八聚笼型倍半硅氧烷的合成与表征

笼形倍半硅氧烷具有较低的介电常数。采用正硅酸乙酯和季铵碱为原材料,合成了八聚四甲基铵基笼型倍半硅氧烷,并采用二甲基氯硅烷对其进行烷基取代,得到了含活性氢基的八聚笼型倍半硅氧烷。采用核磁共振29Si、13C、1H谱和凝胶渗透色谱GPC对其结构进行了表征和确认。     

甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷/CE杂化复合材料的力学性能

以甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为氰酸酯树脂(CE)的改性剂,制备出一种POSS/CE杂化复合材料。研究了杂化复合材料中POSS用量对CE结构及力学性能的影响,同时采用红外光谱(FT-IR)法对不同POSS/CE体系的反应性进行了研究。结果表明:POSS的加入对CE的反应性影响不大,有利于POSS/CE杂化体系固化工艺的制定;当杂化体系中w(POSS)=5%时,材料的冲击强度(9.7 kJ/m2)相对最大(提高了49%),弯曲强度(90 MPa)也相对较高,说明适量的POSS对CE具有明显的增韧、增强作用。