Numerical study on the restriction speed of train passing curved rail in cross wind

The results of numerical investigations of aerodynamic forces and moment coefficients of flow passing a simplified train geometry under different wind speeds are summarized. To compute numerically the different coefficients, the three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, combined with the k-ε turbulence model, were solved using finite volume technique. The pres-sure-velocity fields were coupled using the SIMPLE algorithm. At each iteration the pressure correction was obtained by sol...     

车辆-轨道-桥梁空间耦合振动引起的环境振动

首先建立了车辆-无碴轨道-桥梁系统空间耦合振动模型,通过随机振动分析得到桥墩墩底反力,然后建立了土体-建筑物的三维有限元模型,并将以上得到的墩底反力作为土体-建筑物三维有限元模型的外部激励。分析结果表明,周围土体振动强度随距离的增加而减小,且都存在反弹区 周围建筑物的振动强度随桥墩距离的增大而减小,且在建筑物低层横向和竖向振动相差不大,但是到了高层处横向振动明显大于竖向振动。     

Orientation angle workspaces of planar serial three-link manipulators

This paper presents a classification on the workspaces of planar serial three-link manipulators, that is, position workspace and orientation angle workspace. Position workspace indicates the region reached by the reference point on the end-effector. Orientation angle workspace indicates a set of angle ranges by which the end-effector can reach with certain orientation for every point in the reachable position workspace. By introducing a virtual equivalent mechanism, reachable position workspace can be divided into several Grashof intervals and non-Grashof intervals. The calculation equations of orientation angle workspace are deduced in three situations according to the relationships among four link lengths in the virtual four-bar chain. Three examples are given for three kinds of relationship of link lengths. The orientation angle workspace of extended groups, that is, two of the three link lengths equal, and the orientation angle workspace when the reference point on the end-effector moves along a non-radial direction are also discussed. A program is developed to calculate orientation angle workspaces and output variation curves of orientation angle workspace and key data within the position workspace. The approach and program in this paper can be used for fast calculation and identification of the variation rule of the orientation angle workspace of any given planar serial three-link manipulator on the basis of its link parameters, and for the design of a highly dexterous serial manipulator with proposed link relations. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 20041070)     

超冗余移动机械臂的逆运动学快速求解

为了快速并精确地求解一类冗余移动机械臂(MM)运动学的优化逆解,提出了一种基于遗传信
赖域算法和解析解法相结合的运动学求逆方法. 首先使用解析解法求出机械臂逆解关于移动
车运动参数的表达式,据此表达式引入关节最佳柔顺性准则确定信赖域算法的目标函数;然
后用遗传信赖域算法快速求解此只包含移动车运动参数为自变量的目标函数的最优化问题,
据此求出运动学逆解. 仿真算例表明,该方法能快速求出精确和优化的运动学逆解.     

搬运机械手PLC操控

介绍PLC对搬运机械手的控制方式,重点阐述系统硬件及软件的设计。     

基于微分方程数值分析的机械臂运动参数挖掘模型

在目前的运动参数挖掘模型中,通常采用差异化运动原理对运动过程进行分析,缺乏实际的公式支持,在进行参数挖掘时影响性能。因此,提出基于微分方程数值分析的机械臂运动参数挖掘模型研究。首先利用微分方程数值分析的方式来对机械臂的运动过程进行模拟,列举出其中的动态特性参数。依据动态特征参数,利用神经元网络对其中的运动参数属性进行特征提取。获得运动特征后,使用贝叶斯原理进行深入的运动参数挖掘。为了验证设计的运动参数模型性能,设计仿真实验,设定模拟机械臂,并使用设计模型与文献[3]、文献[5]、文献[13]中的参数挖掘模型进行运动参数挖掘,并对比性能的优劣性。实验结果证明,设计的运动参数挖掘模型具有较高的运算速度、实时性以及准确率,证明设计的运动参数挖掘模型具有较高的性能,满足设计初衷。     

Soft Robotics: Morphology and Morphology-inspired Motion Strategy

Robotics has aroused huge attention since the 1950s. Irrespective of the uniqueness that industrial applications exhibit, conventional rigid robots have displayed noticeable limitations, particularly in safe cooperation as well as with environmental adaption. Accordingly, scientists have shifted their focus on soft robotics to apply this type of robots more effectively in unstructured environments. For decades, they have been committed to exploring sub-fields of soft robotics (e.g., cutting-edge techniques in design and fabrication, accurate modeling, as well as advanced control algorithms). Although scientists have made many different efforts, they share the common goal of enhancing applicability. The presented paper aims to brief the progress of soft robotic research for readers interested in this field, and clarify how an appropriate control algorithm can be produced for soft robots with specific morphologies. This paper, instead of enumerating existing modeling or control methods of a certain soft robot prototype, interprets for the relationship between morphology and morphology-dependent motion strategy, attempts to delve into the common issues in a particular class of soft robots, and elucidates a generic solution to enhance their performance.      

钢轨表面缺陷图像自适应分割算法

针对钢轨表面缺陷提取时的灰度分布不均与杂散光干扰问题,在背景差分法的基础上提出了一种钢轨表面缺陷图像自适应分割算法.首先,通过统计钢轨图像中各行像素灰度特征,结合其均值与标准差分布曲线快速提取钢轨表面区域;然后,进行区域与边缘特征的均值窗口自适应选取;最后,根据均值模糊原理建立背景图像模型并进行图像差分,实现了钢轨表面缺陷分割.实验结果表明:提出的轨面提取算法快速、有效;钢轨表面缺陷自适应分割算法在凸显图像中缺陷部分的同时,有效减少了光照变化和反射不均的影响.该方法对测试图像的召回率和准确率分别达到了95.4%和81.3%.     

基于神经网络的伺服机械手LuGre摩擦补偿控制

针对伺服机械手系统的LuGre摩擦模型参数辨识难,难以建立其精确的数学模型,利用径向基函数( RBF)神经网络的万能逼近特性逼近LuGre摩擦,并作为计算转矩控制器的补偿项。通过Lyapunov方法证明了系统的稳定性以及闭环系统跟踪误差的收敛性。仿真结果证明控制算法能对摩擦进行有效补偿,提高了伺服机械手系统的轨迹跟踪控制性能。     

利用虚拟传感器的巡视器机械臂碰撞检测算法

为提高传统AABB树碰撞检测的精度和效率,提出一种基于虚拟传感器的月面巡视器机械臂碰撞检测算法.建立月面巡视器机械臂的逆运动学解算模型;对地面环境点云数据进行Delaunay三角化,采用多叉树代替二叉树作为AABB树储存环境点云三角面集;利用虚拟传感器简化巡视器机械臂结构模型,通过虚拟传感器遍历AABB树中的环境点云三角面集进行碰撞检测,避免机械臂与环境发生干涉.月面巡视器就位探测任务内场实验表明:基于虚拟传感器的月面巡视器碰撞检测算法使碰撞检测精度在1 mm内,碰撞检测时间降低至10 s内.基于虚拟传感器的碰撞检测算法具有高效性和可行性.