Frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in disc brakes—Transient problem in the full contact regime

Exceeding the critical sliding velocity in disc brakes can cause unwanted forming of hot spots, non-uniform distribution of contact pressure, vibration, and also, in many cases, permanent damage of the disc. Consequently, in the last decade, a great deal of consideration has been given to modeling methods of thermoelastic instability (TEI), which leads to these effects. Models based on the finite element method are also being developed in addition to the analytical approach.The analytical model of TEI development described in the paper by Lee and Barber [Frictionally excited thermoelastic instability in automotive disk brakes. ASME Journal of Tribology 1993;115:607-14] has been expanded in the presented work. Specific attention was given to the modification of their model, to catch the fact that the arc length of pads is less than the circumference of the disc, and to the development of temperature perturbation amplitude in the early stage of breaking, when pads are in the full contact with the disc. A way is proposed how to take into account both of the initial non-flatness of the disc friction surface and change of the perturbation shape inside the disc in the course of braking.     

Large‐scale fading behavior for a cellular network with uniform spatial distribution

Large‐scale fading (LSF) between interacting nodes is a fundamental element in radio communications, responsible for weakening the propagation, and thus worsening the service quality. Given the importance of channel‐losses in general, and the inevitability of random spatial geometry in real‐life wireless networks, it was then natural to merge these two paradigms together in order to obtain an improved stochastical model for the LSF indicator. Therefore, in exact closed‐form notation, we generically derived the LSF distribution between a prepositioned reference base‐station and an arbitrary node for a multi‐cellular random network model. In fact, we provided an explicit and definitive formulation that considered at once: the lattice profile, the users' random geometry, the effect of the far‐field phenomenon, the path‐loss behavior, and the stochastic impact of channel scatters. The veracity and accuracy of the theoretical analysis were also confirmed through Monte Carlo simulations.     

Robust spectrum sensing algorithm based on free probability theory

In low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) cases, the performance of spectrum sensing algorithms cannot meet the practical needs, which is a major problem faced by spectrum sensing technology in current cognitive radio field. Now, existing algorithms based on random matrix theory (RMT) have high sensing performance, but they require a large number of samples, which are very difficult to satisfy in practice. Free probability theory (FPT) is a main branch of RMT. It describes the asymptotic behavior of large random matrices and portrays a strong link between two matrices and their sum or product matrices. FPT can also be utilized to the digital communication system that can be modeled by random matrices and has been applied to spectrum sensing in simplified ideal channels, for example, additive white Gaussian noise channel. The most pivotal issue and difficulty of the FPT‐based methods is to set up and solve the asymptotic freeness equation corresponding to a specific communication model. In this paper, FPT‐based spectrum sensing schemes are proposed for some typical wireless communication systems, such as multiple‐input multiple‐output system, Rayleigh multipath fading system, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. It is shown that the asymptotic freeness behavior of random matrices and the property of Wishart distribution can be used to assist spectrum sensing for these typical systems with low SNR and very limited samples. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the existing RMT‐based spectrum detection methods, for example, the maximum and minimum eigenvalue detectors, the proposed FPT‐based schemes offer superior detection performance and are more robust to low SNR cases, especially for a small sample of observations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深层搅拌水泥土基底加固层的三维随机有限元分析

在软土基坑开挖过程中,围护结构的最大侧向位移往往出现在开挖面以下。常用的防范方法是采用深层搅拌法对设计深度以下2~3 m的软土层进行水泥加固处理,形成水泥土加固层以减少围护结构的侧向位移。由于水泥土的强度具有显著的空间变异性,工程设计中通常采用较为保守的整体强度设计值。考虑深层搅拌桩形成过程中的两种主要不确定性因素:桩身位置不确定性和桩身内部水泥土强度不均匀性,将水泥土加固层的强度模拟为随机场,且将其作为材料变量结合有限元仿真模拟进行受力分析。分析结果表明水泥土加固层的设计强度可表示为钻心取样强度平均值减去t倍标准差,对系数t进行了详细探讨,所得结果可为今后类似工程设计提供参考依据。     

随机共因失效条件下战时合成部队携行备件配置优化研究

装备群在执行作战任务过程中通常会发生共因失效事件,分析共因失效故障对实现装备群的精确化保障具有现实意义。针对战时合成部队装备群遂行任务时,装备携行备件配置优化模型中没有考虑装备受击故障这一类随机共因失效的问题,提出了随机共因失效条件下的备件配置优化方法。建立了装备故障相关条件下的备件需求模型和多约束条件下的携行备件配置优化模型,引入拉格朗日乘子,利用边际效应法求出最优配置方案通过实例对该方法的可行性进行验证。研究结果表明,在装备随机共因失效条件下,所建立的模型可以为多约束携行备件配置优化提供模型参考。     

风力发电机主轴制动器摩擦副温度场分析

基于有限元软件ANSYS建立某大型风电主轴制动器的三维有限元模型,运用参数化语言APDL进行编程,实现热载荷的循环施加,并对正常工况和紧急工况下制动盘温度场进行数值计算。结果表明,制动盘温度分布不均匀,摩擦区域温度呈现锯齿状波动,从而产生热冲击;制动盘表面摩擦区域各处温度最高点约处于制动过程的3/5段,紧急工况温度大大高于正常工况;制动结束后摩擦热向非摩擦区移动,摩擦区轴向温度趋于一致,而非摩擦区轴向上内部温度大于表面温度。     

复合电磁场作用下高温合金锭的真空熔铸技术研究

系统研究了在K417高温合金真空熔铸过程中施加由工频交流电磁场和恒稳直流电磁场组成的复合电磁场对高温合金铸锭凝固组织的影响。实验结果表明:在浇注完毕后同时施加60 A旋转电磁场和290 A恒稳直流电磁场的工艺条件下,由于恒稳直流电磁场在金属液面处产生的电磁制动效应可以抑制施加旋转电磁场所引起的金属液面的波动,不仅避免了因金属液面波动太大而使铸锭缩孔恶化的情况出现,而且大幅提高了旋转电磁场在金属液凝固过程中的作用范围和效果,最终得到细小等轴晶比例达到96%、缩孔明显改善的优质高温合金铸锭。     

折弯机滑块的敏感度分析及结构优化

为寻找影响折弯机滑块直线度的关键因素,掌握滑块弹性变形的理论数据,为折弯机滑块的结构设计和刚性校核提供理论指导和依据,利用Pro/E分析软件,结合折弯机的工作情况和受力状态,通过建立有限元分析模型,进行受力分析和敏感度分析,找到各模型尺寸与弹性变形的数据关系,并确定经济可行的优化方案。     

各向异性随机场下的边坡模糊随机可靠度分析

土性参数具有很大的空间变异性,且在水平方向和垂直方向上差异显著。基于随机变量模型的传统边坡模糊随机可靠度分析方法并未对此进行考虑。提出一种能合理考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡模糊随机可靠度分析方法。首先,视黏聚力和内摩擦角的均值为正态模糊数,对其取不同的λ截集水平并在各截集水平上进行参数组合。其次,利用各向异性随机场模拟土性参数的空间变异性,将有限元法和Monte–Carlo模拟相结合,计算各参数组合对应的可靠度指标。再通过数学方法得到边坡在各截集水平上的可靠度指标。最后,运用加权平均法计算边坡的模糊随机可靠度指标。算例分析表明:与水平方向的空间变异性相比,垂直方向的空间变异性对边坡模糊随机可靠度的影响更为显著;不考虑土性参数的空间变异性在一般情况下会低估边坡的模糊随机可靠度指标,但在抗剪强度参数变异性较大时,反而可能会高估边坡的模糊随机可靠度指标;此外,黏聚力与内摩擦角之间的相关性对边坡失效概率的影响趋势基本不受土性参数空间变异性的干扰。     

随机振动研究生课程建设的探索与实践

课程建设是提高高等教育和人才培养质量的重要举措。针对随机振动课程特点和教学现状,立足研究生创新意识和实践能力的培养,结合重庆市研究生教育优质课程建设的探索与实践,从整合教学资源、完善教学条件、创新教学方法和改革考核方式等方面,系统阐述和全面总结了随机振动研究生课程建设的具体思路和实际做法。