PCBA结构参数与振动谱型对BGA焊点疲劳寿命的影响

为获得印制电路板组件(PCBA)的板厚、芯片布局等结构参数和随机振动谱型(功率谱密度,PSD)变化对球栅阵列(BGA)封装芯片焊点振动疲劳寿命的影响,利用HYPERMESH软件建立了带BGA封装芯片的PCBA三维有限元网格模型,并采用ANSYS软件对PCBA有限元模型进行了随机振动响应分析。结果表明,随着PCB厚度增加,BGA焊点振动疲劳寿命呈现明显提升的趋势,当PCB厚度由1.2 mm增加到2.2 mm时,BGA焊点振动疲劳寿命N由45363大幅增加到557386;合理的芯片安装间距能够明显增加焊点振动疲劳寿命,特别是当芯片安装在靠近固定约束并处于两个约束对称中间位置时;当PCBA的第一阶固有频率位于随机振动谱最大幅值对应的频率区间时,BGA焊点的振动疲劳寿命会明显降低。     

传感器网络中节点能量有效均衡的Top-k查询技术

无线传感器网络中top-k查询处理的节点能量高效以及实现各节点的能量消耗均衡,可以有效延长网络的生命周期。该文提出一种基于采样技术和节点空间相关性,来实现节点的能量均衡和高效的查询处理算法,称为能量均衡采样(,)近似top-k算法EBSTopk(,)。首先对传感器网络进行分区处理,利用区域内两两节点间的空间相关性对其建立线性回归预测模型和高斯预测模型;然后根据用户给定的相对误差界和置信水平1-建立节点高相关性预测准则;最后根据上述预测模型和准则,提出基于反复随机采样的能量均衡算法EBSTopk(,)-LR和EBSTopk(,)-MG。实验表明,所提出的EBSTopk(,)算法减少了无线传感器网络中的全局能量消耗,且在多次top-k查询后各节点的能量消耗达到均衡。     

Inter-antenna and subblock shifting and inversion for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in MIMO-OFDM systems

In this article, an inter-antenna inter-subblock shifting and inversion (IASSI) scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in multi-input multi- output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO- OFDM) systems. It exploits multiple antennas and subblocks to provide additional degrees of freedom to benefit the system. To reduce the implementation complexity of the proposed scheme, two simple suboptimal schemes are further presented based on the minimum current maximum criterion; one adopts sequential search and the other employs random binary grouping. The simulation results exhibit the effectiveness of these proposed schemes.     

基于条件随机场的复杂背景图像文字分割

图像中的文字提取是处理文字信息的关键步骤。提出一种基于条件随机场（CRFs）的分割方法。针对背案复杂的情况,精心选择特征,设计分类器,计算在给定观测数据情况下,像素标签的条件概率分布。这样,有效地避免了计算联合分布所带来的问题（如马尔可夫随机场）。与传统的分类器相比,该方法更加注重像素以及标签之间互相影响程度以及合理性。试验结果表明,与其他方法相比,CRFs的文字分割结果有明显的提高。     

关于线性时间复损码的研究

本文对基于随机二部图的复损码进行了深入的研究.提出了给定度分布对的复损码成功译码时可接受最大损失δ的一上界,通过对此上界的详细分析提出了求解复损码度分布对的一种算法.这就从理论上说明了具有如上算法选取度分布对的复损码,应该优于文[2]所给度分布对的复损码.而且证明了具有某一确定度分布对的复损码能以线性时间可编码和可成功地译码.     

复杂地面背景的红外热像合成

提出了一种新的合成地面背景红外热像的方法，建立了基于马尔可夫随机场理论的图像分割模型，获取了地面背景的标记图像；综合考虑环境、气象等因素的影响，模拟计算不同植被地面红外辐射特性；通过将红外辐射特性计算结果的灰度值赋予相应的可见光图像分割区域，实现标记图像与红外辐射特性的合成，获取复杂地面背景的红外热像。     

基于刻蚀工艺的IC关键面积计算模型与实现方法

在 IC的制造过程中 ,由于工艺的随机扰动 ,过刻蚀和欠刻蚀造成了导线条的宽度和线间距的变化 .论文在分析过刻蚀和欠刻蚀对 IC版图影响的基础上 ,提出了基于工艺偏差影响的 IC关键面积计算新模型和实现方法 .模拟实验表明模拟结果与理论分析是一致的     

Random forest classifier‐based safe and reliable routing for opportunistic IoT networks

Designing a safe and reliable way for communicating the messages among the devices and humans forming the Opportunistic Internet of Things network (OppIoT) has been a challenge since the broadcast mode of message sharing is used. To contribute toward addressing such challenge, this paper proposes a Random Forest Classifier (RFC)‐based safe and reliable routing protocol for OppIoT (called RFCSec) which ensures space efficiency, hash‐based message integrity, and high packet delivery, simultaneously protecting the network against safety threats viz. packet collusion, hypernova, supernova, and wormhole attacks. The proposed RFCSec scheme is composed of two phases. In the first one, the RFC is trained on real data trace, and based on the output of this training, the second phase consists in classifying the encountered nodes of a given node as belonging to one of the output classes of nodes based on their past behavior in the network. This helps in proactively isolating the malicious nodes from participating in the routing process and encourages the participation of the ones with good message forwarding behavior, low packet dropping rate, high buffer availability, and a higher probability of delivering the messages in the past. Simulation results using the ONE simulator show that the proposed RFCSec secure routing scheme is superior to the MLProph, RLProph, and CAML routing protocols, chosen as benchmarks, in terms of legitimate packet delivery, probability of message delivery, count of dropped messages, and latency in packet delivery. The out‐of‐bag error obtained is also minimal     

Pairing-Free Certificateless Key-Insulated Encryption with Provable Security

Certificateless encryption attracts a lot of attention so far by eliminating the key escrow problem in identity-based encryption and public key certificates in the traditional public key cryptography. By considering the threat from the key exposure, it is desirable to incorporate the idea of key-insulated cryptosystem into the certificateless encryption. In this paper, we have designed an efficient certificateless key-insulated encryption (CL-KIE) scheme to achieve this goal. By our approach, the computational performance of our scheme has been improved significantly in terms of reduction on running time and storage. We also gave the security proof of the new CL-KIE scheme against the chosen plaintext attacks (CPAs) in the random oracle, considering the assumption of the computational Diffie-Hellman (CDH) problem.     

基于伪随机函数的RFID系统双向认证协议

移动RFID系统中,读写器与后台数据库之间不再通过有线方式通信,而采用无线方式通信,但也存在一定的安全隐患问题。为确保通信数据的安全,提出一种基于伪随机函数的移动RFID双向认证协议。协议确保标签、读写器、后台数据库三方均进行认证,从而保障通信的安全性;采用字合成等位运算,在一定程度上能够减少总的计算量;三方认证,使得移动RFID系统具备更为广泛的运用价值。安全性及性能分析表明,所提协议具有较高的安全性及较低的成本。