人眼屈光度校正算法的研究现状

人类能够与用户图像界面进行交互是依赖于一个清晰正常的视觉。然而,屈光不正（例如近视、远视、散光等）能使人眼视网膜中所显示的图像质量退化。图像质量的好坏严重影响了我们在军事、医学、娱乐领域所取得的研究成果。目前,对于人眼屈光度校正算法的研究主要有五种方法：1.应用一个维纳滤波的预补偿算法来校正人眼屈光度;2.用一个全变差的方法绘制图像对人眼屈光度进行校正;3.用视觉分析系统来校正人眼屈光度;4.使用多层显示器来校正视觉畸变;5.使用可计算的光场显示器来校正视觉畸变。通过研究这几种算法的优缺点提出现有算法的改进以及新的算法研究。     

Segmentation of the image with multi-visual features for a traffic scene

Scene segmentations based on the pixel classifying calculation are complicated, and they use insufficient features, thus resulting in a low accuracy, so a new model is proposed to overcome these shortcomings,which is to learn these geometric classes based on multi-visual features of super-pixels. First, various features are extracted from the super-pixels of an input image. These features are used for classifying the super-pixels. Then the difference between the adjacent super-pixels is calculated to predict their consistency. The initial classification result and the consistency are synthesized to the Markov Random Field energy function, which is then minimized based on the graph-cuts algorithm to get the final labels of the super-pixels. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the multi-visual features and the optimization method proposed, with superior performance achieved for traffic scenes.     

Unsupervised SAR image segmentation using TMF and belief propagation

To solve the problem that the traditional statistical inference approach for the triplet Markov fields (TMF) model cannot balance segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency, an efficient statistical inference approach for the TMF model using belief propagation is proposed, and then applied to unsupervised synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation. The algorithm combines the TMF model and the statistical property of the SAR image, and translates the segmentation problem into maximization of the posterior marginal (MPM) estimation. For the two label fields in TMF, the belief propagation algorithm is generalized to the bivariate case to estimate the joint posterior marginal probability of the two label fields through message passing. The two label fields can be simultaneously estimated according to the MPM criterion. Experiments on both simulated and real SAR images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can efficiently suppress the influence of the speckle, and obtain accurate segmentation results with a reasonable computational cost.     

Monel-400合金板焊接温度场有限元分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,根据钨极氩弧焊焊接特点,建立了高斯衰减热源模型,并在一定厚度、一定焊接工艺条件下对Monel-400合金板焊接温度场进行了模拟计算。模拟结果分析得到：利用高斯旋转热源在焊接过程中形成了长度为12 mm,宽度为7 mm,深度为5 mm的熔池。熔池上表面与下表面温度相差约620℃,热影响区节点温度随到焊缝中心距离的增加而不断减小。模拟结果表明改进后的热源模型与实际焊接较为吻合,有利于提高焊接温度场的模拟计算精度。     

多物理场耦合粉末成形中电热聚焦效应

为研究多物理场耦合粉末成形技术的低温超快速致密化成形机理,采用多物理场耦合粉末成形技术制备了微型铜齿轮。对铜粉末在600℃烧结过程的动力学曲线进行了分析,观察铜粉末分别在300℃、500℃和600℃烧结时试样断口的微观形貌,同时针对铜粉末烧结过程中的电流密度分布和温度场分布进行了数值模拟。研究发现,多物理场耦合粉末成形技术快速升温过程中,电场和热场在粉末颗粒中分布极不均匀,粉末颗粒接触处的电流密度和温度均远远高于颗粒其它位置的电流密度和温度,为此首次提出了“电热聚焦效应”。结果表明,电场和热场耦合并在颗粒接触点处高度聚焦产生的电热聚焦效应是多物理场耦合粉末成形过程中粉末材料实现低温超快速致密化成形的重要原因。     

铸件热应力及热裂的数值模拟研究

铸件在铸造凝固过程中热应力场及热裂的数值模拟在实际的生产实践中起着十分重要的作用。本文综合国内外对铸造凝固过程中热应力及热裂数值模拟研究的现状，结合中北大学铸造工程研究中心的实际情况，指出了今后的研究方向和重点：建立适合铸造过程应力场数值模拟的模型，采用有限元软件ANSYS实现铸件热应力场的模拟分析，并计算残余应力。     

铝及合金晶粒细化研究现状及发展趋势

分析讨论了机械物理、物理场、晶粒细化剂对铝及合金晶粒细化处理的研究及其细化机理;提出了外加物理场、晶粒细化剂在提高铝材质量上尚需解决的技术与理论问题;强调了物理场和新一代细化剂(Al-Ti-B-RE、Al-Ti-C)在细化晶粒方面的应用前景和发展趋势.     

钢管斜轧延伸螺旋轧制变形区工具运动速度场的研讨

建立了工具运动速度模型；开发成功了钢管斜轧延伸变形区中工具运动速度场计算机模拟软件；揭示了螺旋轧制变形区中速度分布规律。     

Bi-based superconductors fabricated in high magnetic fields

The microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 superconductor fabricated in high magnetic fields were investigated. The results shows that the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field were formed after the partial-melting and solidification in 8 T magnetic field, and transformed into the Bi-2223 grains with c-axis alignment during the further sintering process at 840 ℃ without magnetic field. The conversion of Bi-2212 grains to Bi-2223 grains has the heredity in grain alignment. The mixed structures of the Bi-2223 and the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field are formed in samples sintered at 850-855 ℃ in 10 T magnetic field. When sintered in 10 T below 845 ℃, a high proportion of Bi-2223 phase is obtained, however no preferred orientation is observed. The Bi-2223 grains with their c-axis parallel to the axial direction of the vertical tube furnace are formed not only on the surface, but also in the center of the sample sintered at 850 ℃ for 120 h in a 15 ℃/cm temperature gradient without magnetic field. Moreover, the samples sintered in the temperature gradient and in a 10 T magnetic field have a stronger c-axis alignment ofbi-2223 phase.     

基于蛙眼R3细胞感受野模型的运动滤波方法

视觉感受野(Visual receptive field)模型作为生物视觉感知计算的基础单元,在整个生物视觉信息加工过程中发挥着重要作用.借鉴具有运动视觉特长的生物感受野特性研究高效的运动视觉计算技术,是一种潜在可行的方法.本文基于蛙眼R3细胞感受野,在高斯差分模型(Difference of Gaussians, DOG)的基础上引入时间和空间各向异性的运动视觉表达方式, 提出一种基于蛙眼R3细胞的不对称各向异性感受野(Asymmetric anisotropy receptive field, AARF)模型,表达蛙类视觉系统对运动目标敏感的视觉时空特征.基于该运动视觉模型,进一步提出了一种面向序列图像运动目标分析的蛙眼时空运动滤波算子(Frog-based spatio-temporal motion filter, FSTMF),以实现运动目标准确检测与分析.实验结果表明,该方法具有使序列图像背景模糊、动态目标突显的滤波效果,既符合蛙眼视觉背景模糊而前景清晰的特性,也为下一步运动目标的准确检测实现了高效的预处理.