基于马尔科夫专家场的泊松噪声图像去噪方法

提出一种基于贝叶斯概率模型的泊松噪声图像去噪方法. 该方法基于贝叶斯最大后验概率模型框架,结合泊松概率分布,构建图像去噪模型. 考虑到马尔科夫随机场不能对复杂自然图像有效表征,引入高阶的马尔科夫专家场作为模型先验正则项,以表征图像自身概率分布. 利用二次惩罚函数,优化求解去噪模型,还原清晰图像. 将所提方法与其他去噪算法进行仿真实验对比,并采用峰值信噪比和结构相似性2种评价指标对去噪效果进行客观评价. 实验结果表明：与传统去噪方法相比,该方法的峰值信噪比至少提升了0.18 dB,去噪性能显著优于其他方法,能更好地保留图像的细节信息.     

基于GM-APD激光雷达数据融合的小目标检测

GM-APD激光雷达具有单光子探测灵敏度,大幅降低了系统体积和功耗,但受像元数限制,难以获得远距离小目标清晰轮廓,目标检测率不高。针对该问题,提出了基于强度像和距离像多级处理的小目标深度学习检测算法,充分挖掘强度图像和点云特征信息及相互关联性,提高小目标检测概率。通过改进特征金字塔网络,将感受野模块和注意力机制模块与特征提取网络相结合,增强强度像初筛目标准确性,在候选区域内将强度像与距离像融合成带有强度信息的四维点云。然后,使用动态图卷积网络对候选区内目标进行二次检测,利用点云信息进一步筛选候选框内的目标。经GM-APD激光雷达远距离车辆数据集测试,网络的检测准确率达到98.8%,对于车辆结构不完整,车辆回波弱,背景存在强反射光斑等复杂场景有很好的鲁棒性。相较于SSD,YOLOv5等较为先进的目标检测网络,检测准确率分别提升了3.1%与2.5%,该算法为激光雷达弱小目标检测识别提供了一种可行性解决方案。     

Inactivation of Penicillum expansum in sour cherry juice, peach and apricot nectars by pulsed electric fields

Inhibitory effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on Penicillum expansum inoculated into sour cherry juice, apricot and peach nectars were determined based on germination tube elongation, spore germination rate, and light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations in this study. After inoculation of juice/nectar samples with P. expansum spores at the level of 10(5)-10(6)cfu/mL, the samples were processed by bench scale PEF pulse generator as a function of differing electric field strengths (0, 13, 17, 20, 23, 27, 30 and 34kV/cm) and processing times (0, 62, 94, 123, 163, 198 and 218mus). Results revealed that with an increase in electric field strength and processing time, germination tube elongation and spore germination rate were completely inhibited. Light and SEM observations revealed considerable morphological alterations in fungal conidia such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, shrinkage and protoplast leakage. PEF processing of juice/nectars was demonstrated to be effective in inactivating P. expansum. To our knowledge, this is the first study confirming the inhibitory effects of PEF on germination tube elongation and spore germination rate of P. expansum in fruit juice/nectars.     

Single Molecule Studies on Dynamics in Liquid Crystals

Single molecule (SM) methods are able to resolve structure related dynamics of guest molecules in liquid crystals (LC). Highly diluted small dye molecules on the one hand explore structure formation and LC dynamics, on the other hand they report about a distortion caused by the guest molecules. The anisotropic structure of LC materials is used to retrieve specific conformation related properties of larger guest molecules like conjugated polymers. This in particular sheds light on organization mechanisms within biological cells, where large molecules are found in nematic LC surroundings. This review gives a short overview related to the application of highly sensitive SM detection schemes in LC.     

Optimization of the separation of sulfur hexafluoride and nitrogen by selective adsorption using monte carlo simulations

We present molecular simulations to find the optimal conditions for the separation by adsorption of SF₆ from a gaseous mixture with N₂, a mixture of key interest in electrical applications. The effect of pore size, pressure, and mixture compositions on the selective adsorption of SF₆ was investigated by using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations with simple fluid models and a simplified model of MCM‐41. Simulations performed with multisite fluid models confirm that general trends are predicted using simple models, including a maximum in SF₆ selectivity for pore diameters around 1.1 nm. Simulations were also performed using two atomistic models of zeolite‐templated carbon (ZTC), FAU‐ZTC, and EMT‐ZTC, materials with average pore sizes close to 1.1 nm, obtaining high selectivities for both materials. Selectivities for FAU‐ZTC are approximately four times higher than the best materials published for this mixture separation, opening excellent opportunities to use it for recovering SF₆ from SF₆/N₂ mixtures. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

复合场效应淬火试验研究

本文提出了复合场效应淬火工艺原理和流场一超声复合场效应淬火技术,并进行了试验研究,结果表明:该项技术可显著改善介质的淬火冷却特性。提高工件的淬硬性、淬透性;减少淬火应力与变形。为淬火技术指出了新的方向。     

MS型摄像管聚焦磁场的计算

对磁聚焦静电偏转型(MS型)摄像管的聚焦磁场进行了分析,模拟计算了聚焦磁场的大小,给出了磁聚焦电子轨迹的计算方法及计算结果,并对所得结果进行分析。文中计算公式对于计算机辅助设计摄像管聚焦磁场是适用和方便的。     

Nanograin magnetoresistive manganite coatings for EMI shielding against directed energy pulses

Two magnetoresistive manganites, La_0.83Sr_0.17MnO₃ and La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃, are synthesized by the environmentally friendly “deposition by aqueous acetate solution (DAAS)” technique. The manganite film has a grain size of 100 nm, and can be processed as thinly as 0.03 μm per layer, while the powder form has a crystallite size of 40 nm. These magnetoresistive materials are shown to be effective and inexpensive electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield for the extremely low frequency (ELF) EM fields. The electrical resistance of manganites is very sensitive to external influences, such as temperature and electromagnetic fields. Both permeability (μ) and conductivity (σ) of manganites tend to increase with increasing applied magnetic field. The manganites have been shown to “react” to field increases in a way that is particularly useful for shielding EMI field fluctuations (e.g., due to current or voltage spikes).

The manganite properties, e.g., crystal structure, film morphology, radiation absorption and reflection, electrical resistivity, and magnetization, etc., have been measured. The ceramic manganites have a metal–insulator transition at 300 K or higher, and are suitable for a room temperature operation. A thin film (approx. 0.1 μm) of La_0.83Sr_0.17MnO₃ was fabricated on a quartz tube or refractory ceramic fiber blanket. Using this thin manganite film, the EMI shielding effectiveness for the measured E-field attenuation is similar to that of a 25 μm thickness of copper tube, aluminum foil, and silver–nickel particle-dispersed paper. The silver–nickel impregnated paper has an EMI shielding effectiveness of 35 dB at 10 kHz, and 15 dB at 60 Hz (or frequency above 1 MHz). The ceramic manganites are chemically inert, thermally stable, and mechanically flexible. They provide low cost EMI shielding against directed energy pulses and may serve as a “signature reduction” barrier.     

腐植酸物质对盐碱化中低产田土壤理化性质及玉米影响的研究

通过田间试验探讨了复合改良制剂、草炭、风化煤等腐植酸类物质施用对盐碱化中低产田土壤理化性质及生长作物的影响，结果表明：复合改良制剂、草炭、风化煤施用对土壤理化性质均有积极的影响，与对照相比达到显著水平。玉米产量的方差分析表明，复合改良制剂处理与草炭、风化煤等处理差异显著，与对照差异极显著，增产率均达到30．67％以上。     

碳纤维及其复合材料在国外军民领域的应用

介绍了碳纤维（CF：carbon fiber）及碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP：carbon fiber minfomed plastics）在国外发达国家军事领域和民用领域的应用。