Mo-Modified ZnIn2S4@NiTiO3 S-Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Interfacial Electric Field for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Designing and developing visible-light-responsive materials for solar to chemical energy is an efficient and promising approach to green and sustainable carbon-neutral energy systems. Herein, a facile in situ growth hydrothermal strategy using Mo-modified ZnIn₂S₄ (Mo-ZIS) nanosheets coupled with NiTiO₃ (NTO) microrods to synthesize multifunctional Mo-modified ZIS wrapped NTO microrods (Mo-ZIS@NTO) photocatalyst with enhanced interfacial electric field (IEF) effect and typical S-scheme heterojunction is reported. Mo-ZIS@NTO catalyst possesses wide-spectrum light absorption properties, excellent visible light-to-thermal energy effect, electron mobility, charges transfer, and strong IEF and exhibits excellent solar-to-chemical energy conversion for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Notably, the engineered Mo_1.4-ZIS@NTO catalyst exhibits superior performance with H₂ evolution rate of up to 14.06 mmol g⁻¹ h^{− 1} and the apparent quantum efficiency of 44.1% at 420 nm. The scientific explorations provide an in-depth understanding of microstructure, S-scheme heterojunction, enhanced IEF, Mo-dopant facilitation effect. Moreover, the theoretical simulations verify the critical role of Mo element in promoting the adsorption and activation of H₂O molecules, modulating the H adsorption behavior on active S sites, and thus accelerating the overall catalytic efficiency. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution mechanism via S-scheme heterojunction with adjustable IEF regulation over Mo_1.4-ZIS@NTO is also demonstrated.     

复杂场景下多尺度船舶实时检测方法

船舶检测在军事侦察、海上目标跟踪、海上交通管制等任务中发挥着重要作用。然而,受船舶外形尺度多变和复杂海面背景的影响,在复杂海面上检测多尺度船舶仍然是一个挑战。针对此难题,提出了一种基于多层信息交互融合和注意力机制的 YOLOv4 改进方法。该方法主要通过多层信息交互融合（multi-layer information interactive fusion,MLIF）模块和多注意感受野（multi-attention receptive field,MARF）模块构建一个双向细粒度特征金字塔。其中,MLIF模块用于融合不同尺度的特征,不仅能将深层的高级语义特征串联在一起,而且将较浅层的丰富特征进行重塑;MARF由感受野模块（receptive field block,RFB）与注意力机制模块组成,能有效地强调重要特征并抑制冗余特征。此外,为了进一步评估提出方法的性能,在新加坡海事数据集（Singapore maritime dataset,SMD）上进行了实验。实验结果表明,所提方法能有效地解决复杂海洋环境下多尺度船舶检测的难题,且同时满足了实时需求。     

35 T强磁场下Cernox和氧化钌温度传感器的磁致电阻效应研究

以Cernox(CX-1050、CX-1030)和氧化钌(RX-202、RX-102)温度传感器为研究对象,研究了其在0—35 T场强、0.75—69.5 K温区下的磁致电阻效应。实验结果表明:CX-1050和RX-202的磁效应和在35 T下的测量误差都随温度的变化出现正负磁效应和正负温度误差交替的现象,且低于10 K时,磁效应随温度的变化率明显增大,在35 T、4.2 K处CX-1050和RX-202的磁效应分别为-6.63%、2.21%;总体来说强磁场下受磁阻影响由小到大分别为RX-202、CX-1050、CX-1030、RX-102,尤其RX-202,在1—35 T、4.2 K以下产生的测量误差小于-0.1 K。Cernox和氧化钌温度传感器受磁场的影响都较小。     

A Perspective on Emerging and Future Sintering Technologies of Ceramic Materials

Novel sintering methods have emerged in the recent past years, which have raised great interest in the scientific community. Relying on electric field effects, high heating rates, the use of mechanical pressure, or hydrothermal conditions, they offer fundamental advantages compared to conventional sintering routes like minimizing the energy consumption and enhancing the process efficiency. This perspective aims at explaining these effects in a general way and presenting the status quo of using them for the processing of high-performing ceramic materials. In detail, this work focuses on flash sintering, ultrafast high-temperature sintering, spark plasma sintering, cold sintering, and photonic sintering methods based on different light sources. The specificities, potentials, and limitations of each method are compared, especially in the light of a possible industrialization.     

正余弦旋转变压器原边对称补偿机理分析

从正余弦旋转变压器的交、直轴磁场入手,阐述了采用原边对称补偿时的补偿机理．分析表明,与副边对称补偿不同,原边对称补偿时,气隙中交轴磁场仍然是存在的．     

Finite element analysis of creep fracture initiation in a model superalloy material

Detailed finite element analyses were performed for a single edge-cracked specimen geometry under both plane stress and plane strain constraint for a superalloy material that obeys a power-law creep relationship. The objectives of these analyses were to elucidate the stationary creep crack-tip fields and to provide guidance for the experimental measurement of crack-tip deformations. New results demonstrate that, for both plane stress and plane strain, the angular variations in the creep strain fields do not agree with HRR-type predictions, although the radial variations are in agreement with HRR-type creep strain field predictions in a zone very near the crack tip. Thus, the use of experimental measurement of surface displacement and/or strain data for the location of HRR-type fields may not be possible, unless modifications to the existing HRR-type theory are made. It is also noted that the size of the stress-based HRR-dominance zone is only a fraction of the creep zone size in plane stress, and is very small (especially along =0°) compared to the creep zone size in plane strain. Furthermore, the dominance of the singular strain fields are at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding stress dominance zones. As such, unless the microstructural features of the material are smaller than the dimensions of the dominance zones, the basis for using stress or strain-based fracture parameters derived from the HRR-type fields for prediction of creep fracture initiation is unclear.     

Construction of irreducible polynomials using cubic transformation

The transformationf(x)f(x ³–3x) is studied. We show that for allF _q of characteristic >3 andn1, there existsf(x)F _q [x] of degreen which generates an infinite sequence of irreducible polynomials of degree 3 ⁱ n by the iteration of this transformation.     

Cascade Markov random fields for stroke extraction of Chinese characters

Extracting perceptually meaningful strokes plays an essential role in modeling structures of handwritten Chinese characters for accurate character recognition. This paper proposes a cascade Markov random field (MRF) model that combines both bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) processes for stroke extraction. In the low-level stroke segmentation process, we use a BU MRF model with smoothness prior to segment the character skeleton into directional substrokes based on self-organization of pixel-based directional features. In the high-level stroke extraction process, the segmented substrokes are sent to a TD MRF-based character model that, in turn, feeds back to guide the merging of corresponding substrokes to produce reliable candidate strokes for character recognition. The merit of the cascade MRF model is due to its ability to encode the local statistical dependencies of neighboring stroke components as well as prior knowledge of Chinese character structures. Encouraging stroke extraction and character recognition results confirm the effectiveness of our method, which integrates both BU/TD vision processing streams within the unified MRF framework.     

汉语框架语义角色的自动标注

基于山西大学自主开发的汉语框架语义知识库(CFN),将语义角色标注问题通过IOB策略转化为词序列标注问题,采用条件随机场模型,研究了汉语框架语义角色的自动标注.模型以词为基本标注单元,选择词、词性、词相对于目标词的位置、目标词及其组合为特征.针对每个特征设定若干可选的窗口,组合构成模型的各种特征模板,基于统计学中的正交表,给出一种较优模板选择方法.全部实验在选出的25个框架的6 692个例句的语料上进行.对每一个框架,分别按照其例句训练一个模型,同时进行语义角色的边界识别与分类,进行2-fold交叉验证.在给定句子中的目标词以及目标词所属的框架情况下,25个框架交叉验证的实验结果的准确率、召回率、F1-值分别达到74.16%,52.70%和61.62%.