亚麻针织产品的酶整理工艺探讨

为改善亚麻针织物的舒适性能，探讨用生物酶整理工艺来提高其柔软性。选取酶剂浓度、pH值、温度和时间4个因素作为正交实验的因子，进行了四因素四水平的正交实验。通过对实验结果的分析，确定了合理的生物酶整理工艺条件。工艺参数分别为：酶整理温度为50℃，整理液pH值为5，酶剂浓度为2%，整理时间为60min,亚麻针织坯布经过这种优化的酶整理后柔软性改善效果十分显著。     

人体蓄热与热适应能力对热舒适性的影响

将稳态环境和动态环境下人体与环境热交换进行了对比分析,探讨了人体蓄热与热适应能力对热舒适性的影响,得出人体蓄热是影响动态热环境下人体舒适感的重要因素,提出模拟自然状态气候变化的动态调节是空调发展的方向.     

大空间建筑空调稀释型送风方式三维数值模拟

论述了CFD模拟大空间建筑室内空气流动的必要性;对采用稀释型送风方式的大空间建筑空调室内空气流动的速度场和温度场进行了数值模拟并对其结果进行了分析.结果表明:稀释型(上送)方式的分层空调在大空间建筑空调中是较好的送风方式.     

动力换档有级自动变速箱的一种新的控制原理的概论

动力换档即自动变速器传统的换档是采用脱开A档离合器和接合B档离合器来使A档换到B档，本文试用一个第三离合器的设想，实质上，这种第三离合器可以作为传统的离合器之一，只用于其他档位换档，这就意味着可以在原来的变速器内采用一个最新的控制软件，试验在传统的控制原理协调平顺性和磨损之间关系已不存在困难，该磨损或不平顺性大约可降低为按照传统挂高档的一半，本文发现在采用一个附加离合器的最大趋向是它属于比挂高档高的高档，这里采用一个普通和简单的模型来进行理想研究，而仿真实例则采用一个齿轮箱的一个更加详细的模型。     

液压式馈能减振器的外特性及馈能特性分析

为了使悬架减振器在改善汽车行驶平顺性的同时完成振动能量的回收,首先以某品牌减振器为原型设计一种实用新型液压式馈能减振器的原理及结构,依据工作原理构建该减振器的油液流动中流量与压降之间的关系理论模型;然后在AMESim中建立等效参数化仿真模型分析所设计的液压式馈能减振器的外特性及能量回收特性能否满足实际工作需求;最后在Simulink中进行液压式馈能悬架总成AMESim模型与路面时域输入模型的联合仿真,分析此减振器装车后在实际路面激励下对车辆平顺性的影响及能量回收效果.分析结果表明:此液压式馈能减振器压缩/复原行程阻尼力符合减振器阻尼力允差的国标要求;示功图形状饱满无明显畸变,体现出良好的外特性,满足减振器的设计要求;馈能特性符合最初设计的只在压缩行程回收能量的思想;馈能特性曲线呈现出显著的峰值特性并受到减振器高频响应特性的影响;悬架平顺性满足行驶要求,实际行驶中具有一定的能量回收潜力.本文所设计的液压式馈能减振器基本能达到预期目标,对节能减排有借鉴价值.     

Ride sharing with flexible participants: a metaheuristic approach for large‐scale problems

Severe traffic congestion and growing ecological consciousness have led to the rise of alternative transportation systems. Ride sharing is one such alternative in which drivers and passengers with similar time schedules and travel plans are matched. For this service to be effective, a large number of users are required to increase the probability of finding suitable travel partners. The present paper proposes a late acceptance metaheuristic to decide which users act as drivers and to construct their routes. The underlying optimization model allows passengers to walk to/from alternative pickup/drop‐off locations so as to further exploit user flexibility. A computational study quantifies the impact of different types of participant flexibility on CO₂ emissions. These insights can inform and support policymakers in organizing effective ride‐sharing systems.     

面向车辆行驶过程的舒适性评价指标体系

从机动车行车过程的舒适性角度出发,介绍了车辆行驶舒适性概念,通过分析单个车辆的行驶状态突变特征,构建了面向车辆行驶过程的适用于城市道路的舒适性评价指标体系。     

Graduate Student Literature Review: The effect of housing systems on movement opportunity of dairy cows and the implications on cow health and comfort

Intensification within the dairy industry has led to an increase in use of more restrictive indoor housing systems (most commonly tiestalls and freestalls) and less use of the pasture-based housing systems used in past generations. These indoor housing systems are associated with not only a higher level of restriction to cow movement, but also with a higher prevalence of lameness and cow comfort issues on farm, which negatively affects cow welfare, public perceptions, and producer profitability. In looking for solutions to these issues, several studies have investigated different housing and management options that are less restrictive and increase cow movement opportunity. We hypothesized that movement opportunity, briefly summarized as the level of locomotor activity a cow is able to express in her given environment as well as the ease with which said movement can be expressed, can have a direct, substantial effect on cow comfort as well as cow leg and hoof health. Lying behaviors, which serve as common indicators of cow comfort, are affected not only by the ease of movement that comes with providing more movement opportunity within the lying environment, but also by the aforementioned improvements to leg health. This is particularly true regarding the ability to display different lying postures and to rise and lie down with ease. The complexity of the relationship between the different methods by which movement opportunity can be provided to dairy cows and the corresponding effects on outcome measures related to cow health and comfort is an area of research that warrants exploration. In this literature review, we sought to identify how level of movement opportunity, provided though different housing systems and management practices, affects cow hoof and leg, udder, and reproductive health, as well as the effects that it has on cow lying behaviors that are indicative of comfort.     

Chosen postures during specific sitting activities

This research study analysed the interaction between people's postures and activities while in semi-public/leisure situations and during transportation (journey by train). In addition, the use of small electronic devices received particular emphasis. Video recordings in German trains and photographs in Dutch semi-public spaces were analysed using a variation of Branton and Grayson's (An evaluation of train seats by observation of sitting behaviour. Ergonomics, 10 (1), (1967), 35–51) postural targeting forms and photos. The analysis suggests a significant relationship between most activities and the position of the head, trunk and arms during transportation situations. The relationship during public situations is less straightforward. Watching, talking/discussing and reading were the most observed activities for the transportation and leisure situations combined. Surprisingly, differences in head, trunk, arm and leg postures were not significant when using small electronic devices. Important issues not considered in this study include the duration of the activities, the gender and age of observed subjects and the influence of the time of day. These are interesting issues to consider and include for future research.

Statement of Relevance: This study shows what activities people choose to carry out and their related postures when not forced to a specific task (e.g. driving). The results of this study can be used for designing comfortable seating in the transportation industry (car passenger, train, bus and aircraft seats) and semi-public/leisure spaces.     

Most comfortable listening level as a function of age

The Most Comfortable Listening Level (MCLL) was determined for a running speech signal in a sample of 799 subjects, ranging in age from 17 to 92 years of age. The MCLL increased monotonically with increasing chronological age, in a non-linear relationship. Before the age of 40 MCLL increased approximately one-third of a dB per annum, while after the age of 65 MCLL increased by more than one half dB per year. Over the 75 year age range MCLL rose by 34 dB. Confirming earlier reports, MCLL was also found to be related to hearing sensitivity. Some implications for the design of sound systems are suggested.