余热锅炉省煤器技术改造

由于原设计缺陷，该余热锅炉省煤器的管束易发生爆管。经改造，省煤器高温段按沸腾式设计，中温段和低温段按非沸腾式设计，并采用热管省煤器技术，消除了爆管现象，使该余热锅炉蒸汽产量由8t/h提高到15t/h，能耗(折算成标准燃料油)下降了4．0kg／t。     

水力排烟机水轮叶片芯金属模的逆求工程设计

本文介绍了逆求工程技术在水力排烟水轮叶片芯金属模具设计中的具体应用，以及逆向工程的概念和集成系统组成。     

SnO2和SiO2用于PVC的阻燃消烟及协同作用

研究了二氧化锡和二氧化硅对软PVC阻燃消烟性的影响。通过对极限氧指数、剩炭率、烟密度的测定和DTATG曲线的分析证明,添加8g二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂的PVC的氧指数和剩炭率比未添加的分别增高5.5个单位和4.1%,烟密度降低16.4%,降解活化能分别降低38kJ/mol和23.1kJ/mol,从而证明二氧化锡/二氧化硅复合阻燃剂对于PVC是一种很好的阻燃消烟剂,二氧化锡和二氧化硅有很好的协同作用。同时证明这种复合阻燃剂能代替三氧化二锑,使产品的成本进一步降低。     

尼龙6生产中注带处单体烟的回收

分析比较了尼龙 6生产中注带处单体烟的几种回收方法。利用萃取水与注带的单体烟在吸收塔内逆向传质吸收而将单体予以截留的工艺 ,对单体的吸收效果最好。单体的实际回收率可达 98%以上。讨论了影响吸收效率的主要因素及在吸收塔顶加装除沫器的设计     

少烟HTPB/AP/RDX/Al推进剂比冲效率分析

对少烟HTPB／AP／RDX／A1推进剂能量性能进行了理论计算，通过BSFφ165和φ315试验发动机试验，考察了试验发动机类型，工作压力对经冲效率的影响，而且与高铅含量HTPB／AP／RDX／A1推进剂的比冲效率进行了比较，结果表明，铅含量对推进剂的比冲效率有显著的影响，低铝配方的比冲效率比高铝配方的比冲效率相对要高些；对于推进剂组分确定的配方，合适选择发动机的工作压力，可以不同程度地提高比冲效率，对于同一类型推进剂配方，通过计算理论比冲，结合比冲效率水平，可以对实际比冲进行有效的预估。     

Aerosols sampling using a new cryogenic instrument

A new cryogenic instrument was designed for the trapping of aerosols such as cigarette mainstream smoke at low temperature. The technique enabled the trapping of the mainstream smoke of a single cigarette and the particulate and vapor phases were trapped simultaneously. 2R4F reference cigarettes were smoked under International Standard Organization (ISO) regime and trapped at low temperature using the cryogenic instrument. After trapping, the mainstream smoke of the 2R4F reference cigarette was diluted with a solvent and selected smoke components could be quantified using gas-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The capability of the instrument for trapping the mainstream smoke was demonstrated. The feasibility of the procedure for the detection and the quantification of a large range of smoke components including carbonyls, alkaloids and organic volatile compounds (VOC) in the mainstream of a single cigarette was also shown.     

超微细改性Al(OH)3填充LDPE/EVA的研究

Al(OH）3是LDPE／EVA主要的阻燃，消烟填充剂。研究了不同粒度，表面处理及填充量的Al(OH）3对LDPE／EVA的氧指数（OI），烟密度等级（SDR）和物理机械性能的影响。     

基于FCN-LSTM的工业烟尘图像分割

工业生产中常根据林格曼烟气黑度判断工业烟尘的污染等级,一种有效的方式是应用计算机视觉系统对工业烟尘进行监测, 其中对烟尘目标进行准确分割是该系统的关键技术。因为工业烟尘具有形状不固定、和云相似度高等特点,现有算法在复杂场景下对烟尘进行分割时容易受到干扰,分割准确度有待提高。针对这一问题,提出一种基于FCN-LSTM的工业烟尘图像分割方法,在全卷积网络对图像空间特征提取的基础上,使用长短时记忆网络提取图像序列的时间信息,通过烟尘的动态特征对运动的烟尘和背景进行区分,增强复杂场景下的抗干扰能力。实验表明,本文模型相比于全卷积网络,在复杂场景下的抗干扰能力有显著提升,能够有效克服来自云的干扰,对全卷积网络分割结果中易出现干扰点的问题也有改善,IoU指标最高有8.04%的提升。     

基于颜色与运动特征的变电站实时烟雾检测

变电站的环境特殊性要求站内火灾检测准确、快速,烟雾检测是早期火灾检测中的常用方法.针对变电站特殊环境,提出一种快速烟雾检测算法.首先,利用改进的ViBe算法检测变电站实时监控视频中的运动区域,再通过颜色特征确定疑似烟雾区域,然后结合烟雾面积增长特性和移动特性识别烟雾区域.实验结果表明:这种算法能够检测到不同场景中的烟雾,对远距离、稀薄烟雾也能有效检测,满足变电站火灾检测实时性、准确性要求,能够应用于变电站场景烟雾检测.     

Up in smoke: I. Smoke-derived germination cues for postfire annual,Nicotiana attenuata torr. Ex. Watson

Some postfire annuals with dormant seeds use heat or chemical cues from charred wood to synchronize their germination with the postfire environment. We report that wood smoke and polar extracts of wood smoke, but not the ash of burned wood, contain potent cue(s) that stimulate germination in the postfire annual plant,Nicotiana attenuata. We examined the responses of seeds from six populations of plants from southwest Utah to extracts of smoke and found the proportion of viable seeds that germinated in the presence of smoke cues to vary between populations but to be consistent between generations. With the most dormant genotypes, we examine three mechanisms by which smoke-derived chemical cues may stimulate germination (chemical scarification of the seed coat and nutritive- and signal-mediated stimulation of germination) and report that the response is consistent with the signal-mediated mechanism. The germination cue(s) found in smoke are produced by the burning of hay, hardwood branches, leaves, and, to a lesser degree, cellulose. Moreover, the cues are found in the common food condiment, liquid smoke, and we find no significant differences between brands. With a bioassay-driven fractionation of liquid smoke, we identified 71 compounds in active fractions by GC-MS and AA spectrometry. However, when these compounds were tested in pure form or in combinations that mimicked the composition of active fractions over a range of concentrations, they failed to stimulate germination to the same degree that smoke fractions did. Moreover, enzymatic oxidation of some of these compounds also failed to stimulate germination. In addition, we tested 43 additional compounds also reported from smoke, 85 compounds that were structurally similar to those reported from smoke and 34 compounds reported to influence germination in other species. Of the 233 compounds tested, 16 proved to inhibit germination at the concentrations tested, and none reproduced the activity of wood smoke. By thermally desorbing smoke produced by cellulose combustions that was trapped on Chromosorb 101, we demonstrate that the cue is desorbed between 125 and 150°C. We estimate that the germination cues are active at concentrations of less than 1 pg/seed and, due to their chromatographic behavior, infer that a number of different chemical structures are active. In separate experiments, we demonstrate that cues remain active for at least 53 days in soil under greenhouse conditions and that the application of aqucous extracts of smoke to soil containing seeds results in dramatic increases in germination of artificial seed banks. Hence, although the chemical nature of the germination cue remains elusive, the stability of the germination cues, their water-solubility, and their activity in low concentrations suggest that these cues could serve as powerful tools for the examination of dormant seed banks and the selective factors thought to be important in the evolution of postfire plant communities.