Enhanced transduction coefficient in piezoelectric PZT ceramics by mixing powders calcined at different temperatures

Large transduction coefficient ($d_{33}\times g_{33}$) is difficult to obtain in piezoelectric ceramics because these two parameters show opposite trends with compositional modifications. Herein, the Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ ceramic powders were calcinated under different temperatures (A:830 °C, B:860 °C, and C:890 °C), and then mixed together according to different weight ratios (1A:1B:1C, 1A:2B:1C, 1A:2B:3C and 3A:2B:1C) for ceramics preparation. Both d₃₃ and g₃₃ are improved successfully, and the transduction coefficient with the weight ratio of 1A:2B:3C reaches up to 17,500 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²/N, which is 60 % higher than that with the powders calcinated under 830 °C, and at least twice those of commercial PZT-4, PZT-5A and PZT-8 ceramics. The improved transduction coefficient is owing to the enhanced piezoelectric constant and spontaneous polarization resulted from the increased grain size, relative density and the fraction of tetragonal phase. These results indicate that this is a simple but effective way to tailor the transduction coefficient in piezoelectric ceramics.     

MIMO系统的约束广义预测控制

讨论了输出终端带不等式约束情形的多输入多输出系统，说明了这些约束可以通过修改输入柔化系数而使其得以满足，在柔化系数的选择范围确定过程中，为了避免矩阵求逆，采用利用已知数据辨识参数的方法来确定柔化系数，从而使得问题简化。降低了计算量且加快了收敛速度。     

非稳定井流模型的半解析解

为了提高非稳定渗流计算的计算精度 ,通过数学分析得到了水位传导系数随时间变化时 ,一类非稳定渗流井流模型的半解析解 ,并进行了计算比较     

WAVE INTERACTION WITH PERFORATED CAISSON BREAKWATERS

The reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the total horizontal forces acting on them were experimentally and numerically analyzed and discussed when wave propagates normally. To consider the viscosity effect of fluid and nonlinear action of waves on structures, the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method combined with the k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the interaction between waves and structures. Governing equations were solved with the finite difference method. Through 2D experimental study in the wave flume, the empirical relationship between the reflection coefficient of perforated caissons and the main affecting factors were obtained from the experimental data using the least square method. Also the correlation between the ratio of the total horizontal force acting on perforated caisson and the force acting on solid caisson and the main affecting factors were regressed from the experimental data.     

Accurate estimation of capacities and cross-traffic of all links in a path using ICMP timestamps

The estimation of the link capacity and its available bandwidth in an end-to-end path is crucial for network management, admission control and flow control for adaptive applications. This paper introduces an estimation mechanism able to accurately estimate the available bandwidth of all links in an end-to-end path, through its capacity and cross-traffic estimation. The estimation procedures resort to the dispersions of packet pairs and trains using the concepts of ICMP Timestamp and Traceroute that, efficiently used together, enable the measurement of the dispersions in all links in the path. These mechanisms were evaluated through simulation experiments, where we analyzed the influence of the several network parameters on each estimation mechanism. The results show that these estimation methods are able to accurately estimate both the capacity and the cross-traffic of all links in a path with moderate length and with low overhead.     

基于矢量平均的信道估计算法

提出一种适用于DS-CDMA无线通信系统的低计算量而性能良好的信道估计算法。在DS-CDMA系统中，当接收信号经过解扩或多用户检测等时域预处理后，可以认为干扰大大减弱、期望信号在处理后的信号中占主要地位。这样，用预处理后信号相关阵的最大特征值对应的特征矢量可以很好地近似期望信号的信道矢量。但是，直接特征分解需要很大的计算量，特征跟踪计算量较低，但瞬态性能较差。本文提出一种基于相关矩阵列矢量平均的信道估计算法，该算法不需要特征分解或跟踪。仿真结果表明：新算法在降低计算量的情况下可以获得同直接特征分解方法几乎相同的性能。     

Characteristic Features of the Optimal Processing of the Results of Measurements in the Case of a Random Observation Function

An analysis is made of the characteristic features and problems of the optimal processing of the results of measurements in the case of a random observation function utilizing a nonlinear Kalman filter. A method is proposed for increasing the convergence domain of the filter with additional processing of measurements in the frequency domain.     

The measurement of the diffusion coefficient and the sorption isotherm of water in paint films

An experimental technique together with a numerical model is proposed with which the diffusion coefficient and the sorption isotherm of water in paint can be measured. Inside a closed vessel, paint films are on stainless-steel plates. Water is present as water vapour in the air and in the paint. After blowing dry or wet air through the vessel for some time, the situation moves to a new equilibrium. The relative humidity of the air inside the vessel is measured as a function of time. From fitting the theoretical/numerical model against the experimental values, follow the diffusion coefficient and the sorption isotherm of water in the paint. The results show large scattering. When the independently measured sorption isotherm is used as an input parameter in the model, the fitting procedure gives much smaller scattering for the diffusion coefficient.     

Cs-K混合蒸气中Cs(8D)+K(4S)碰撞能量转移

在Cs-K混合蒸气中，两步激发Cs原子到8D态，观察了Cs(8D) K(4S)→Cs(5D) K(4P)碰撞能量合并逆过程(REP，reverse energy pooling)。应用双调制技术探测K(4P)原子发射的荧光，基态K原子密度用光学吸收方法测量。得到了REP速率系数，讨论了其它过程对速率系数的影响．     

300km/h高速铁路PC槽型梁动力试验研究

介绍北方交通大学与比利时鲁汶大学、布鲁塞尔自由大学、比利时铁路公司合作,在巴黎至布鲁塞尔之间高速铁路线上的Antoing大桥进行的二次高速铁路桥梁动力试验。试验桥梁由跨度50m的多跨预应力混凝土简支槽型梁构成,试验中列车速度达265-310km/h。通过现场试验和实验结果分析,得到了桥梁的频率、振型、阻尼等自振特性,以及桥梁在高速列车作用下的动挠度、梁和桥墩的横向和竖向加速度、橡胶支座的相对位移、梁体的动应变等动力响应特性。试验经验和测试结果对于充实高速铁路桥梁动力分析理论、改进数值分析模型、验证计算结果、提高高速铁路桥梁的动力设计水平、保证行车安全,具有重要的意义。