基于时间条件算法的灭火机器人设计

详细介绍了灭火机器人的组装,在组装机器人的基础上,概括性的介绍了灭火机器人的各种算法及无火不进房算法中的时间算法和条件算法。为了让灭火机器人更加稳定的退出每个房间,结合时间算法和条件算法的优点,提出了时间条件算法,从而让机器人采用时间条件算法在迷宫中行走,并完成灭火任务。实验表明,此算法的应用使机器人在灭火过程中稳定性很高,并能及时避开迷宫墙壁;不但效果好,而且在很大程度上缩短了时间。     

概率模型检测技术在机器人路径规划中的应用

在机器人路径规划的实际应用中,针对机器人移动行为可能会受到外界环境影响的难题,提出了一种采用概率模型检测技术进行路径规划的新方法。首先,分析环境中的主要影响因素,将机器人的移动行为看作一个不确定事件,构建马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)模型。然后,采用概率计算树逻辑(PCTL)公式描述模型属性,表达机器人复杂多样的目标任务。最后,运用PRISM平台对模型进行分析和验证,得到满足属性的全局优化路径和定量数据。仿真结果表明,上述方法不仅能够保障机器人在障碍物环境中无碰撞移动,而且可以避开环境相对复杂的区域,保证机器人以最大概率完成任务。对比试验证明上述方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于能耗优化的六足机器人摆动腿轨迹规划

以六足机器人单腿为研究对象,研究机器人摆动腿轨迹规划问题.由于摆动要消耗能量,所以提出了一种基于能耗优化的轨迹规划方案.结合以D-H法建立的机器人单腿运动学模型和腿部位置、速度、加速度等约束,采用多项式插值法在关节空间对机器人摆动腿进行轨迹规划.在考虑直流电机有效功率和热损耗的基础上,通过遗传算法对非线性等式和不等式约束下的非线性规划问题进行求解.仿真结果表明,所设计的方案能有效降低摆动腿能量消耗并保证轨迹连续平滑.     

一种新型煤矿救援机器人履带行走机构设计

从履带机构的结构复杂度、越障性能、可操作性以及履带的接地比压4个方面分析了现有煤矿救援机器人履带行走机构的优缺点,针对现有履带结构的优缺点设计了一种新型履带行走机构的结构;结合煤矿救援机器人的相关要求,给出了该新型结构主要尺寸的优化计算公式;根据所提出的计算公式,设计了CUMT-5型煤矿救援机器人。CUMT-5机器人的实际运行结果表明,该新型履带行走机构结构简单,越障性能好,具有良好的可操作性。     

Switched visual servo control of nonholonomic mobile robots with field-of-view constraints based on homography

This paper presents a novel scheme for visual servoing of a nonholonomic mobile robot equipped with a monocular camera in consideration of field-of-view (FOV) constraints. In order to loosen the FOV constraints, the system states are expressed by the homography between the current frame and the key frame so that the target is not necessarily to be always visible in the control process. A switched visual controller is designed to deal with the nonholonomic constraints. Moreover, an iteration strategy is used to eliminate errors caused by the parameter uncertainty. The stablity and robustness of the proposed scheme are guaranteed by theoretical analysis. Compared to conventional schemes, the proposed approach has the following advantages: 1) a better path in Cartesian space can be achieved owing to the loosening of FOV constraints; 2) the iteration strategy ensures the robustness to parameter uncertainty; 3) when used in landmark-based navigation, it needs much sparser and simpler landmarks than those localization-based approaches need. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Modeling and robust discrete LQ repetitive control of electrically driven robots

Discrete linear quadratic control has been efciently applied to linear systems as an optimal control.However,a robotic system is highly nonlinear,heavily coupled and uncertain.To overcome the problem,the robotic system can be modeled as a linear discrete-time time-varying system in performing repetitive tasks.This modeling motivates us to develop an optimal repetitive control.The contribution of this paper is twofold.For the frst time,it presents discrete linear quadratic repetitive control for electrically driven robots using the mentioned model.The proposed control approach is based on the voltage control strategy.Second,uncertainty is efectively compensated by employing a robust time-delay controller.The uncertainty can include parametric uncertainty,unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances.To highlight its ability in overcoming the uncertainty,the dynamic equation of an articulated robot is introduced and used for the simulation,modeling and control purposes.Stability analysis verifes the proposed control approach and simulation results show its efectiveness.     

基于双目视觉的机器人目标定位与机械臂控制

为了更好地与复杂多变的非结构化环境进行交互,完成对目标物体的识别和抓取,提出了一种应用于服务机器人平台的基于双目视觉的仿人机械臂控制方法.文中首先用D-H方法对机械臂进行建模,并对这个模型做了改进,给出了一种更加简便的3+1自由度仿人机械臂的逆解算法,采用基于双目视觉与颜色分割的目标识别方法;然后根据识别出的目标三维坐标信息控制机械臂完成抓取任务;最后,本方法在家庭服务机器人上得到了验证,机器人能够完成对目标物体的识别和抓取动作.     

基于态势评估的足球机器人决策模型

为了提高足球机器人中策略执行的有效性和针对性,提出了一种基于赛场正向态势评估和反向执行效果评估的有限状态自动机分层决策模型。该模型将赛场决策分为战术策略和具体任务,通过正向态势评估信息和任务执行效果的反馈信息进行综合量化,基于有限状态自动机建立策略和任务的转换关系,从而做出适合当前态势的战术策略。经仿真实验表明,该决策模型在很大程度上提高了策略决策的有效性和针对性,使得球队的整体攻防能力得到了相应的改善。     

Study on Robot Path Planning Based on an Improved Artificial Potential Field Method

The method of artificial potential field has obvious advantages among the robot path planning methods including simple structure, small amount of calculation and relatively mature in theory. This paper puts forward the ＂Integral method＂ focusing on solving the problem of local minimization. The method analyses the distribution of obstructions in a given environment and regards adjacent obstacles as a whole, By changing the parameters of the repulsive force field, robots can quickly get out of the minimum point and move to the target point. This paper uses the Simurosot platform to carry on the simulation experiment on the improved artificial potential field method, which projects a feasible path successfully and verifies this method.     

六轴工业机器人的参数辨识方法

机器人末端位姿的精度依赖于各关节几何参数的精度。为了提高机器人的位姿精度,提出了一种简单实用的机器人参数辨识方法。利用D-H 算法建立的机器人运动学方程,得到了末端位姿与各关节参数的关系。为了解决辨识过程中的复杂计算问题,设计了一种采用拆分参数的迭代方法和相应的实验方法,运用激光跟踪仪对位姿进行精确测量,求得实际几何结构参数。实验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。