高压换热器的设计

换热器的设计在满足工艺条件的情况下必须符合GB l50-1998《钢制压力容器》、GB l51-1999《管壳式换热器》及《压力容器安全技术监察规程》的规定,本文着重介绍了高压换热器的设计。     

CAD在化工装置设计中的应用及效果

当今，化工设计已普遍采用ＣＡＤ技术，覆盖面越来越广并贯穿于全过程。本文将简单介绍其实用情况和效果。     

金安金沙江悬索桥隧道式锚碇变形破坏机制研究

隧道式锚碇的变形破坏机制涉及到结构与围岩的协同作用问题。以华丽高速公路金安金沙江悬索桥两岸隧道锚变形破坏机制为研究对象,利用工程类比法评价了其稳定性控制要素,设计了超载数值试验。根据塑性区的扩展过程确定了施工安全监测和需要采取预加固的重点部位,确定了隧道锚围岩的破坏模式。根据锚面监测点位移由mm到cm量级突变确定的两岸锚岩系统极限荷载均为6~8倍设计缆力,则锚岩系统的设计承载力取3倍设计缆力下变形安全是有保障的。丽江岸塑性区在10 P下贯通;华坪岸塑性区在14 P下贯通。设计缆力作用下,丽江岸锚碇最大位移1.5 mm、围岩1.2 mm、地表0.5 mm;华坪岸锚碇最大位移1.7 mm、围岩1.5 mm、地表0.7 mm,其响应顺序为后锚面监测点前锚面监测点锚碇中间岩体地表点,可作为后期结构及围岩安全监测布点和预警的参考,也证明当前设计缆力下变形和强度均是安全的。     

洪积扇区域渠系工程设计洪水计算探究——以乌鲁木齐河分洪工程为例

通过对乌鲁木齐河分洪工程渠道沿线洪沟洪水的成因分析,对于山区河沟,采用水文比拟法计算出各河沟出山口处的洪水,对于出山口以下纯坡面区域,采用推理公式法计算其小流域暴雨洪水。根据沿线典型洪沟调查洪峰与推理公式法计算洪峰的拟合情况,率定出计算参数m为Ⅲ类,R=1.1、r1=0.76。对小东沟、乌什城沟出山口断面与渠线断面分别进行洪水调查,可知山区河沟出山口以后每公里河长洪峰衰减率为3.7%~3.9%。利用谷歌卫星地图结合现场调查,将分洪渠道沿线洪沟划分为各个相对独立的区域,对每一个区域分别计算出上游山区衰减至渠线断面的洪水和洪积扇区间洪水后,按照调查洪峰流量的比例将该区域洪峰总量分配到区域内与渠线相交的各个洪沟断面,基于工程安全性考虑,对于有汊流的洪沟,其最终设计洪水成果按加成20%进行处理。     

Robust consensus algorithm for multi-agent systems with exogenous disturbances under convergence conditions

In this paper, a robust consensus algorithm is developed and sufficient conditions for convergence to consensus are proposed for a multi-agent system (MAS) with exogenous disturbances subject to partial information. By utilizing H_∞ robust control, differential game theory and a design-based approach, the consensus problem of the MAS with exogenous bounded interference is resolved and the disturbances are restrained, simultaneously. Attention is focused on designing an H_∞ robust controller (the robust consensus algorithm) based on minimisation of our proposed rational and individual cost functions according to goals of the MAS. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for convergence of the robust consensus algorithm are given. An example is employed to demonstrate that our results are effective and more capable to restrain exogenous disturbances than the existing literature.     

An alignment-free fingerprint bio-cryptosystem based on modified Voronoi neighbor structures

Bio-cryptography is an emerging security technology which combines cryptography with biometrics. A good bio-cryptosystem is required to protect the privacy of the relevant biometric data as well as achieving high recognition accuracy. Fingerprints have been widely used in bio-cryptosystem design. However, fingerprint uncertainty caused by distortion and rotation during the image capturing process makes it difficult to achieve a high recognition rate in most bio-cryptographic systems. Moreover, most existing bio-cryptosystems rely on the accurate detection of singular points for fingerprint image pre-alignment, which is very hard to achieve, and the image rotation transformation during the alignment process can cause significant singular point deviation and minutiae changes. In this paper, by taking full advantage of local Voronoi neighbor structures (VNSs), e.g. local structural stability and distortion insensitivity, we propose an alignment-free bio-cryptosystem based on fixed-length bit-string representations extracted from modified VNSs, which are rotation- and translation-invariant and distortion robust. The proposed alignment-free bio-cryptosystem is able to provide strong security while achieving good recognition performance. Experimental results in comparison with most existing alignment-free bio-cryptosystems using the publicly-available databases show the validity of the proposed scheme.     

石墨烯基气凝胶的制备及油吸附性能研究进展

海上漏油的频繁发生以及采油废水、工业含油污水的大量排放造成水资源大片污染和生态系统平衡的严重破坏。目前，从水体中分离油品和有机污染物已受到越来越多的商业和学术的关注。石墨烯基气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的三维宏观材料，因其孔隙率高、比表面积大、密度低、机械性能强等特点在油水分离领域具有广阔的应用前景，已成为当今的研究热点之一。本文结合最新研究进展系统地总结了石墨烯基气凝胶的结构设计、组装及干燥方法，归纳了近年来其在油水分离中的应用进展，并对石墨烯基气凝胶在油水分离领域的研究现状和未来研究方向做了简要评述，以期为该领域的深入探索提供新的视角。     

Mixed H2/H∞ robust model predictive control with saturated inputs

In this paper, we investigate the mixed H₂/H_∞ robust model predictive control (RMPC) for polytopic uncertain systems, which refers to the infinite horizon optimal guaranteed cost control (OGCC). To fully use the capability of actuators, we adopt a saturating feedback control law as the control strategy of RMPC. As the saturating feedback control law can be effectively represented by the convex hull of a group of auxiliary linear feedback laws, the auxiliary feedback laws allow us to design the actual feedback control law without consideration of the input constraints directly to achieve the improved performance. Moreover, we suggest the relative weights on the actual and auxiliary feedback laws to the RMPC, which in turn improves the closed-loop system performance. Furthermore, an off-line design of the proposed RMPC is also developed to make it more practical. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

3600煤气发生炉系统优化设计

分析了传统 36 0 0造气工艺流程存在的缺点 ,针对邯钢集团化肥公司的实际情况并配合 12 2 0工程的顺利实施 ,决定采用设备紧凑、发气量大、工艺设备较先进的 36 0 0煤气发生炉系统。在该系统的设计中 ,除了采用新型高效旋风除尘器和联合热管锅炉回收器外 ,还充分吸收了近年来我国造气技术涌现出来的先进技术装备     

逆凝聚包覆法制备硫黄调节型粉末氯丁橡胶 Ⅰ.粒径分布

采用逆凝聚包覆法制备硫黄调节型粉末氯丁橡胶(PCR)并考察加料方式、搅拌转速和胶乳加人流速对产物粒径分布的影响。建立氯丁胶乳的逆凝聚粉末化模型并采用均匀试验设计的方法对该模型进行了验证。验证结果表明，该模型可以有效地模拟PCR的逆凝聚包覆氯丁胶乳的粉末化过程。PCR产物中粒径1～3mm的中等粒子的质量分数仅与搅拌转速有关，表明湍流爆裂是产生中等粒子的主要原因，而带状拉伸则是产生较粗颗粒和细小粒子的主要原因。扫描电子显微镜观察发现，采用逆凝聚包覆法制备的PCR粒子为单颗连续粒子，即产物粒子由单颗胶乳液滴凝聚而成。