Chromatic interior environments for the elderly: A literature review

The impact of the physical environment on individuals has arisen as a growing body of research in population wellbeing. Yet, most of studies in this area do not focus on elderly even though they are particularly susceptible to the characteristics of their interior spaces. It is a well‐known fact that to be old is to acquire a tolerance of disabilities based on the gradual degeneration. A common problem is a dysfunction in visual sensitivity and accordingly, the alteration of their environmental color perception. That is why these impairments need to be understood in order to minimize the elderly spatial difficulties. To know at what point there is a loss in the ability to perceive color is necessary to understand how should we take these facts into consideration. A state‐of‐the‐art literature review of current studies from the last 20 years is carried out. The aim is to analyze existing practices on Evidence‐Based Research through a multidisciplinary approach in order to create knowledge about chromatic built environments for the elderly. Data are identified and considered together with empirical experience about color, perception, built environment and elderly. Thus, the way in which elderly perceive the space is explored. The adjustments in the formulation of these impairments throughout any design strategy to adapt the environment to their physiological changes are determined. This article aims to determine a design interpretation of the various findings, demonstrating that color, as a parameter of the visual performance, influences visual comfort and helps performance in architecture for old people.     

草料自燃防范的研究

近年来兴起的秸秆打包并不能消除其自燃的危险。使用弗-卡模型,测定了不同体积稻麦秸秆的临界温度(Ta,cr);并依据实际状况对弗-卡模型进行了改进,测定了稻麦秸秆的Tc;探讨了含水量以及打包密度对Tc的影响。得出初始含水量13.65%,密度344kg.m-3打包麦秸秆的Tc为66～69℃,最大安全堆砌直径为7.3m;初始含水量15.27%,密度285kg.m-3打包稻秸秆的Tc为83～86℃,最大安全堆砌直径为8.5m的结论。这一研究对草料场的安全管理意义重大。     

离子膜电解自动控制系统安全连锁概述

介绍了离子膜电解过程中程序自控连锁电解槽停车及停车后的设置内容.     

浅论建筑工程施工安全生产管理

安全生产长期以来一直是我国的一项基本国策,是保护劳动者安全健康和发展生产力的重要工作,必须贯彻执行,同时,安全生产也是维护社会安定团结,促进国民经济稳定、持续、健康发展的基本条件,是社会文明程度的重要标志。本文从三个方面探讨建筑工程安全生产管理工作中的重要内容。     

我国食品安全问题的社会学分析

以近几年来我国频发的食品安全事件为鉴，从社会学视角分析了其产生的原因，并提出了相应的预防和解决问题的对策。     

Effect of noise on comfort in open-plan offices: application of an assessment questionnaire

Abstract

Open-plan offices account for 60% of French office workspaces. The noise levels recorded in this type of environment are much lower than those encountered in industrial workplaces. Nevertheless, surveys show that noise is considered by employees as the main source of discomfort. A first questionnaire dedicated to noise discomfort was produced in 2013 and tested on a panel made up of 217 people working in 7 French companies. Today, it also makes it possible to address the issues of fatigue related to ambient sound, but above all, the survey aims to study the differences in how ambient noise is perceived depending on the type of open-plan office. On the basis of that new version, a second survey has been conducted in 23 open-plan offices, making it possible to collect the responses from 617 employees. Most of the results of the first survey have been confirmed, with an increase in the significance of the statistical analyses. Moreover, French Standard NF S 31-199, which is currently being drafted, establishes a typology of open-plan office spaces according to the types of work done in them. Based on this typology, it appears that when dealing with the impact on noise on workers, a distinction has to be made between the types of open plan offices.

Practitioner Summary: Surveys conducted in open-plan offices show that noise is considered by employees as the main source of discomfort even if the noise recorded in this type of environment is not hazardous. This work presents the result of a large survey dedicated to noise discomfort conducted in 23 open-plan offices.     

一种基于信令的彩信端到端客户感知优化方法的研究

本文在研究了彩信端到端流程的基础上,开发了一套基于信令的彩信端到端分析平台,分析了彩信端到端流程各阶段的损耗,并详细分析了引起各阶段损耗的原因,然后针对每种原因提出了优化方案,最终提高了彩信端到客户感知。     

Experiments of evacuation speed in smoke-filled tunnel

Among tunnel fire safety strategies, evacuation speed in smoke, which is the basic evacuation performance characteristic, is one of the most important factors when assessing safety. An evacuation experiment in a full-scale tunnel filled with smoke has been done in order to clarify the relation between extinction coefficient up to Cs = 1.0 m⁻¹, which includes Cs = 0.4 m⁻¹ as a Japanese road tunnel fire prevention standard, and evacuation speed. The maximum, minimum and mean values of normal walking speeds are almost constant regardless of the extinction coefficient. As for the emergency evacuation speeds, the maximum speed is largely influenced by extinction coefficient, decreasing rapidly from 3.55 m/s at Cs = 0.30 m⁻¹ to 2.53 m/s at Cs = 0.75 m⁻¹ while the minimum and mean speeds are almost constant with a slight decrease as Cs increases. The maximum evacuation speed trends in the present experiments and those in Frantzich and Nillson (2003, 2004) and Fridolf et al. (2013), lie on the same decreasing logarithmic curve as a function of extinction coefficient.     

A hybrid simulation approach for integrating safety behavior into construction planning: An earthmoving case study

One of the key challenges in improving construction safety and health is the management of safety behavior. From a system point of view, workers work unsafely due to system level issues such as poor safety culture, excessive production pressure, inadequate allocation of resources and time and lack of training. These systemic issues should be eradicated or minimized during planning. However, there is a lack of detailed planning tools to help managers assess the impact of their upstream decisions on worker safety behavior. Even though simulation had been used in construction planning, the review conducted in this study showed that construction safety management research had not been exploiting the potential of simulation techniques. Thus, a hybrid simulation framework is proposed to facilitate integration of safety management considerations into construction activity simulation. The hybrid framework consists of discrete event simulation (DES) as the core, but heterogeneous, interactive and intelligent (able to make decisions) agents replace traditional entities and resources. In addition, some of the cognitive processes and physiological aspects of agents are captured using system dynamics (SD) approach. The combination of DES, agent-based simulation (ABS) and SD allows a more “natural” representation of the complex dynamics in construction activities. The proposed hybrid framework was demonstrated using a hypothetical case study. In addition, due to the lack of application of factorial experiment approach in safety management simulation, the case study demonstrated sensitivity analysis and factorial experiment to guide future research.     

基于复合帕尔贴模块热触觉再现装置研究

设计了一种基于复合帕尔贴模块的改进型温度触觉感知再现装置。首先分析了手指接触复合帕尔贴装置表面时的热传导过程,并根据热网络分析法建立了基于复合帕尔贴模块的热触觉感知模型;据此设计了一种通过控制复合帕尔贴模块表面温度变化来模拟温度触觉过程的装置,复合帕尔贴装置由两个20 mm×20 mm的帕尔贴模块重叠放置构成,通过对上下层帕尔贴模块输入电流分别控制,实现了比单层帕尔贴模块更为快速的升降温速率和更大工作温度区间;最后,通过热图标辨别实验,分析了将温度触觉感知再现应用于特殊人群导航的可行性。