'EUROPART'. Airborne particles in the indoor environment. A European interdisciplinary review of scientific evidence on associations between exposure to particles in buildings and health effects

The relevance of particle mass, surface area or number concentration as risk indicators for health effects in non-industrial buildings has been assessed by a European interdisciplinary group of researchers (called EUROPART) by reviewing papers identified in Medline, Toxline, and OSH. Studies dealing with dermal effects or cancer or specifically addressing environmental tobacco smoke, house dust-mite, cockroach or animal allergens, microorganisms and pesticides were excluded. A total of 70 papers were reviewed, and eight were identified for the final review: Five experimental studies involving mainly healthy subjects, two cross-sectional office studies and one longitudinal study among elderly on cardiovascular effects. From most studies, no definite conclusions could be drawn. Overall, the group concluded that there is inadequate scientific evidence that airborne, indoor particulate mass or number concentrations can be used as generally applicable risk indicators of health effects in non-industrial buildings and consequently that there is inadequate scientific evidence for establishing limit values or guidelines for particulate mass or number concentrations.     

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Indoor air quality in the 21st century: search for excellence

Field studies demonstrate that there are substantial numbers of dissatisfied people in many buildings, among them those suffering from sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, even though existing standards and guidelines are met. The reason is that the requirements specified in these standards are rather low, allowing a substantial group of people to become dissatisfied and to be adversely affected. A paradigm shift from rather mediocre to excellent indoor environments is foreseen in the 21st century. Based on existing information and on new research results, five principles are suggested as elements behind a new philosophy of excellence: 1) better indoor air quality increases productivity and decreases SBS symptoms; 2) unnecessary indoor pollution sources should be avoided; 3) the air should be served cool and dry to the occupants; 4) "personalized air", i.e. a small amount of clean air, should be served gently, close to the breathing zone of each individual; and 5) individual control of the thermal environment should be provided. These principles of excellence are compatible with energy efficiency and sustainability.     

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后浇带的施工及质量控制重点

结合工程实例,对后浇带的作用进行了分析阐述,并从模板体系、钢筋绑扎、混凝土浇筑及养护等方面对后浇带的施工质量控制进行了论述,为保证工程项目的整体性、完美性和适用性提供了基础。     

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介绍随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和改革的不断深化,就建设项目实施的全过程,即从项目设计阶段、项目招投标阶段、项目实施阶段和竣工阶段实施工程造价的全过程控制进行探讨,提出只有把工程造价控制工作深入到项目设计、工程招标、合同签定、施工过程和竣工结算等各阶段,才能在建设工程中合理配置人力、物力、财力,取得较好的投资效益和社会效益。     

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工程中遇到的PHC管桩设计与施工问题解析

结合深圳市宝安区的两个工程实例，就预应力高强混凝土管桩在设计和施工中遇到的一些问题做出相应的分析与解决，以达到对项目桩基工程的质量控制和满足规范与设计要求的目的。     

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