微量样品的X射线定量相分析

从Ｘ射线衍射强度的指数方程出发，考虑到１％的允许误差，经数学处理建立了微量薄膜样品的质量与衍射强度间的线性方程ｙ＝ａ＋ｂＩｎ；ａ，ｂ值用被测物相纯样的外标曲线确定，线性方程的相关系数ｒ＝０．９９５，从而建立了微量薄膜样品的物相定量分析直接对比法。同时，建立了微量样品和有限厚样品间临界值的实验方法及有限厚样品衍射强度的吸收校正方法。所建立的方法用于矿山呼吸性粉尘中αＳｉＯ２的定量测定，检出下限达０．０１ｍｇ。     

The determination of l-carnitine in several food samples

We designed this study to re-validate some methodological parameters of the radio-enzymatic assay, including phenomena of residual, non-carnitine radioactivity present in some assay mixtures of food samples. The second part of the paper presents l-carnitine concentrations (total-, free- and acyl-carnitine) in a wide range of food samples of animal and plant origin.     

The latent structure of analogue depression: Should the Beck Depression Inventory be used to classify groups?

Research on depression is often conducted with analogue samples that have been divided into depressed and nondepressed groups using a cutoff score on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Although the relative merits of different cut scores are frequently debated, no study has yet determined whether the use of any cut score is valid, that is, whether the latent structure of BDI depression is categorical or dimensional in analogue samples. The BDI responses of 2,260 college students were submitted to 3 taxometric procedures whose results were compared with those of simulated data sets with equivalent parameters. Analyses provided converging evidence for the dimensionality of analogue depression, arguing against the use of the BDI to classify analogue participants into groups. Analyses also illustrated the notable impact of pronounced skew on taxometric results and the value of using simulated comparison data as an interpretive aid. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of macronutrients and energy in homogenized meals

Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy was evaluated as a rapid and environmentally benign technique for the simultaneous determination of macronutrients and energy in commercially available, packaged meals. Reflectance spectra (400–2498 nm) of homogenized meals were obtained with a dispersive NIR spectrometer. Protein and moisture were measured by AOAC reference methods, total fat by a semi-automated acid hydrolysis, solvent extraction, gravimetric method and total carbohydrate calculated. Energy was calculated using Atwater factors. Using multivariate analysis software, PLS models (n = 113–115 products) were developed to relate NIR spectra of homogenized meals to the corresponding reference values. The models predicted components and energy in validation samples (n = 37–38 products), overall, with r² of above 0.96. Ratios of deviation to performance were between 3.6 and 6.6, and indicated adequacy of the models for screening, quality control, or process control. Performance of the models varied substantially when used to predict sub-groups of meals within the validation set.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and sintering of mullite

Mullitization behaviour of a mixture of clay and alumina as the starting materials was examined by microwave heating of (a) mixed powder and (b) compacted powder samples for different soaking times. X-ray diffraction results showed that in compacted samples mullitization process was completed after 20 min heating with a density of about 87%. Densification and microstructure of samples with different green densities heated in a microwave oven and conventional electric furnace were compared. Results showed that the grain growth of mullite was restricted by microwave heating.     

Crystallographic Texture in Ceramics and Metals

Preferred crystallographic orientation, or texture, occurs almost universally, both in natural and man-made systems. Many components and devices in electronic and magnetic systems are fabricated from materials that have crystallographic texture. With the rapidly increasing use of thin film technology, where sharp axisymmetric crystallographic texture normal to the film plane is frequently observed, the occurrence and impact of texture are rising. Thin film applications in which the texture of the material plays a key role in determining properties and performance are broad: complex oxides in random access memory devices, ZnO thin film resonators for cell phone applications, metallic alloys in magnetic recording media, and Al and Cu interconnects in integrated circuits are but a few examples. Texture is established during the synthesis or post-synthesis heat treatment of a material and thus has a strong dependence upon processing history. Accurate measurement of texture is not simple and a variety of tools and approaches are being actively employed in texture studies. X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction based techniques are practiced around the world at varying levels of complexity with regard to equipment and analysis methods. Despite the well-documented existence of these varied approaches, many reported texture measurements on electronic materials are based solely on the relative intensities of conventional θ-2θ x-ray diffraction peaks, which typically yield inaccurate results. NIST has developed quantitative texture measurement techniques that employ equipment commonly available in most industrial and academic settings. A number of examples of texture measurement in ceramic and metal systems will be presented, taken from the historical development and application of these techniques at NIST over the past 7 years.     

Preservation of protein fluorescence in embedded human dendritic cells for targeted 3D light and electron microscopy

In this study, we present a correlative microscopy workflow to combine detailed 3D fluorescence light microscopy data with ultrastructural information gained by 3D focused ion beam assisted scanning electron microscopy. The workflow is based on an optimized high pressure freezing/freeze substitution protocol that preserves good ultrastructural detail along with retaining the fluorescence signal in the resin embedded specimens. Consequently, cellular structures of interest can readily be identified and imaged by state of the art 3D confocal fluorescence microscopy and are precisely referenced with respect to an imprinted coordinate system on the surface of the resin block. This allows precise guidance of the focused ion beam assisted scanning electron microscopy and limits the volume to be imaged to the structure of interest. This, in turn, minimizes the total acquisition time necessary to conduct the time consuming ultrastructural scanning electron microscope imaging while eliminating the risk to miss parts of the target structure. We illustrate the value of this workflow for targeting virus compartments, which are formed in HIV‐pulsed mature human dendritic cells.     

我国典型特殊煤种特性及利用研究

为扩大特殊煤种和稀缺煤种的利用途径,以树皮煤、太西煤和小发路煤为试验煤样,通过工业分析、元素分析和显微组分分析等研究了3种煤样的宏观煤岩特征和煤属性性质,并对煤炭质量进行分级。结合煤样基本性质和工艺性能等提出3种煤的合理利用途径。结果表明,树皮煤属于高~特高挥发分、低灰和中高~高硫煤,太西煤属于特低挥发分、特低灰和特低硫煤,而小发路煤属于特低挥发分和特低灰煤。太西煤可用于生产超低灰纯煤,制备炭石墨复合材料、活性炭、优质铸造型焦等;小发路煤具有良好的加工利用前景,可用于生产活性炭、炭素、碳化硅、阴极炭块和高炉喷吹等;树皮煤应做到综合利用,加氢液化是一条可行之路。     

内蒙古地区预拌混凝土用泵送剂质检结果分析

通过对受检混凝土减水率、泌水率比、含气量及抗压强度比等性能指标的检验和数据分析,总结了内蒙古自治区外加剂使用中存在的问题,并提出了改进建议,以确定合适的外加剂掺量。     

我国农村住区空间样本类型区划谱系研究

针对我国农村住区空间样本的类型特征,在综合考虑我国建筑气候区划、地形地貌、行政区划、经济发展水平差异和农村村庄数量密度等多项因子的基础上,利用GIS空间数据的叠合(Overlay)分析技术,分析并初步确定我国农村住区的类型谱系.指出:我国农村住区空间样本分布具有明显的地域差异,可以划分116个基础样本类型,用于不同建筑气候区划、地形特征等条件下各地区农村住宅规划设计与建设标准的分类指导;中、西部地区由于经济发展的梯度差异具有迅速跟进和农村住房建设数量迅猛增长的趋势,建设标准分类指导的意义更为重要,可以进一步划分为1454个数据库样本类型,建立我国农村住区空间样本类型数据库的基础数据.这项基础性研究工作为我国正在开展的各类农村住区规划、农村住宅建筑设计标准研究和新农村建设提供了参考.