铝合金高速船船体建造工艺

简述了ＬＦ１５和ＬＦ１６两种新型船用耐蚀可焊铝合金及其配套焊接材料在实船建造中的应用情况。阐述了铝合金全焊结构船体建造的关键技术及我国铝船体建造的３种方法     

异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应工艺

讨论了异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应工艺在清洁燃料生产过程中的地位、作用和发展趋势;简介了目前石油炼制工业中使用的液体酸烷基化工艺;详细介绍了正在研究开发的固体酸烷基化技术;对在烷基化反应中应用的新型固体酸催化材料和新催化反应工艺的探索和进展进行了综述。     

HYSIM软件模拟天然气加工工艺流程的研究(Ⅰ)——系统中无循环物流

本文结合大庆油田天然气矿场加工实际生产装置,讨论了应用HYSIM烃类工艺模拟软件对含有不确定组分的体系进行流程模拟计算的特点、塔设备严格模拟计算过程中输入规定的选择、以及多股流换热器和吸附脱水工艺的模拟计算方法。     

Planning the GMAW process by constraint propagation

Although the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process is widely used for joining metals, its planning is still a cumbersome task. The planning procedure involves many complex interrelationships among the process variables and depends heavily on empirical knowledge. Therefore, a solution method that allows a convenient way to represent the domain knowledge and evaluate the process variable relationships is needed. Further, the lack of a strong domain theory to quantify these interrelationships is a deficiency in the planning of the GMAW process. This paper presents a solution method that overcomes this deficiency and introduces a convenient knowledge representation scheme. The solution method considers the planning procedure to be a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). The AC-4 algorithm is used to obtain arc consistency among nodes in the constraint network and the PC-4 algorithm is applied to obtain path consistency in the network. A modified version of the AC-4 algorithm is developed to reduce the search space and correspondingly reduce the computation time. An example is presented to demonstrate the capability of the method and its potential to reduce lead time.     

不同品位高钛渣对沸腾氯化工艺的影响

分别以94％品位高钛渣和90％品位高钛渣为原料，采用沸腾氯化工艺制备粗TiCl4，分析了两种品位高钛渣对沸腾氯化工艺的影响。结果表明：94％品位高钛渣由于其活性低而对沸腾氯化工艺的影响较大。     

Bridging process and structure through criteria

Scholars in design face two central challenges in design methods inquiry: firstly, to integrate process and solution, and secondly, to examine developmental junctures leading to innovation. With these goals in mind, we maintain that design criteria deserve greater attention and illustrate this position with a study of noted designers' use of criteria. The primary finding was that five criteria functions were considered during the design process. The study also explored potential relationships between designer variables (i.e., professional expertise and personality type) and criteria use.     

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天然气制合成油得到的柴油燃料基本不含硫和芳烃 ,费—托法合成技术的进步已使天然气制合成油(GTL)的生产成本可与 18～ 2 2美元 /桶的原油价格相竞争 ,因而GTL已成为天然气 ,尤其是偏远地区天然气高效利用的一个有前景的途径。GTL技术由合成气生产、费—托合成和产品精制三部分组成。GTL的工艺方案有埃克森公司AGC - 2 1工艺、壳牌公司SMDS工艺、萨索尔公司Synthol工艺、合成油公司工艺等。GTL技术在合成气生产和费托合成方面还出现了一些新的进展。 2 1世纪将迎来GTL装置新的发展期 ,在未来 15年内 ,预计GTL装置生产能力将增加 (45 0 0～ 6 75 0 )× 10 4 t/a。 2 0 0 5年前将有 7套GTL装置投运 ,总能力 880× 10 4 t/a。     

天然气制液态烃新工艺

丰富的天然气资源,特别是边远地区分散的中小天然气田和油气共生的油气田的天然气,由于产量达不到管线长输的规模效益,又远离消费市场,很难开发利用.为此,作者在天然气两段催化氧化制合成气和费-托合成研究的基础上,提出了一种流程较短、投资和操作费用较低的天然气合成液态烃新工艺,可将丰富的天然气资源,特别适合将边远地区分散的中小天然气田的天然气转化为无硫、无氮、无芳烃、无重金属污染和便于输运的优质石蜡基液态产品.该产品可经轻度加氢改质得到高品质的柴油掺合组分、润滑油基础油高等附加值产品.该工艺副产的燃料气可用于发电,或作为燃料气使用.     

Analytic and numerical calculations of the formation of a sulphuric acid aerosol in the upper troposphere

Analytic and numerical calculations are performed on the production of sulphuric acid aerosol in conditions of a very large nucleation event observed in the upper troposphere. The numerical results feature a growing peak in the size distribution whose magnitude is reproduced well analytically, and are consistent with the observed particle number concentration at sizes greater than 25 nm (measured dry diameter), but suggest that most of the aerosol was at unobserved smaller sizes. Because of growth and coagulation, number concentrations of the aerosol rapidly become independent of the number initially nucleated, so that conclusions as to the nucleation process, either homogeneous or ion-induced nucleation, cannot easily be drawn from existing atmospheric observations. The final concentration is very insensitive to the magnitude of the SO₂ source, but, if condensation on, and coagulation with, a remnant background aerosol occurs, such nucleation events will be cut off for source magnitudes less than a specific value. Anthropogenic emissions of SO₂ which exceed this value can produce higher aerosol number concentrations in the atmosphere with consequences for the indirect effect of aerosols on the climate.