Metaheuristic downhill simplex method in combinatorial optimization

The concept of combinatorial objects is formalized. It allows strict definition of a combinatorial optimization problem (COP). An efficient metaheuristic method to solve COPs (H-method) is considered. It includes stochastic local search algorithms as a built-in procedure. A parallel implementation of the H-method is set forth and analyzed. The results from a numerical experiment and solution of some well-known COPs on personal computers and on the SKIT cluster supercomputer are presented. The study was supported by INTAS (Project 06-1000017-8909). __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 70–79, November–December 2007.     

以数字搜索树表示的二值图象的几何变换

本文介绍以数字搜索树表示的二值图象的一种几何变换算法，文中讨论了四分区与正四边区的基本关系，输出ＤＳＴ结点成立的充分条件，给出了完整的几何变换算法并对算法的复杂性作了分析。     

基于Matlab的线性规划问题求解

线性规划是运筹学中研究较早、发展较快、应用广泛、方法成熟的一个重要分支,它是辅助人们进行科学管理的一种重要的数学方法.文章首先介绍了线性规划的基本概念及标准形式,着重讨论了线性规划问题的三种常用解法:单纯形法、直接搜索法以及遗传算法,最后在Matlab R2009a环境下进行了仿真.通过结果可以看出,用Matlab求解线性规划问题,可以避免手工的烦琐计算,大大地提高工作效率和结果的准确性.     

Intranet搜索引擎设计与实现

随着企业内部网络应用的深入,Intranet内部的信息资源越来越庞大,怎样为这些数据信息构建索引是我们面If缶的主要任务,而全文检索的产生解决了这一问题。目前越来越多的中小企业采用Linux系统作为Web平台,并且利用检索系统来管理内部繁多的文本和HTML文件。文章对www搜索引擎的全文检索及其相关技术进行了分析和讨论,实现了一个基于Linux环境的Intranet搜索引擎LISE（Linux Intranet Search Engine）。LISE利用了基于词表的索引方法,为用户提供了更加准确的信息,能满足多种中小企业用户的需求。     

利用NoSQL构建高性能全文检索系统

随着互联网的发展,数据的增加越来越快,从海量的信息中快速地提取出用户需求的信息成为新的挑战。传统的方式已经不能完全满足现在的需求,而NoSQL却能够有效地解决这一问题。本文首先分析Lucene的特点以及不足,并利用NoSQL来构建全文检索系统,最后通过实验来检验此架构的性能。     

P2P网络中的超级节点选取算法研究

P2P系统在构建覆盖网络时未考虑到与物理网络的结合,导致逻辑拓扑结构与物理拓扑结构严重不匹配问题,增加P2P相邻节点间的延迟。本文提出一种基于区域划分的超级节点选取机制,将P2P网络中的节点按照物理位置划分成若干区域,保证区域内节点在物理位置上是相近的。利用MATLAB进行仿真实验,仿真实验表明使用这种机制能降低半分布式P2P网络的信息检索延迟,有效地提高检索的效率,并且具有较好的可扩展性。     

Probabilistic heuristic estimates

Though they constitute the major knowledge source in problem-solving systems, no unified theory of heuristics has emerged. Pearl [15] defines heuristics as criteria, methods, or principles for deciding which among several alternative courses of action promises to be the most effective in order to achieve some goal. The absence of a more precise definition has impeded our efforts to understand, utilize, and discover heuristics. Another consequence is that problem-solving techniques which rely on heuristic knowledge cannot be relied upon to act rationally — in the sense of the normative theory of rationality.To provide a sound basis for BPS, the Bayesian Problem-Solver, we have developed a simple formal theory of heuristics, which is general enough to subsume traditional heuristic functions as well as other forms of problem-solving knowledge, and to straddle disparate problem domains. Probabilistic heuristic estimates represent a probabilistic association of sensations with prior experience — specifically, a mapping from observations directly to subjective probabilities which enables the use of theoretically principled mechanisms for coherent inference and decision making during problem-solving. This paper discusses some of the implications of this theory, and describes its successful application in BPS.This research was made possible by support from Heuristicrats, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Rand Corporation.     

Visual recognition efficiency of handheld infrared thermometer interface information under low ambient illuminance

One of the symptoms of plagues, epidemics or pandemics is often a fever, so during such unprecedented times, handheld infrared thermometers are vital devices for monitoring symptomatic individuals. It is therefore very important to enhance reading efficiency when these thermometers are used for lengthy periods of time in a low illuminance environment. The need for the efficient reading of infrared thermometers or a fast reaction time when reading the information is even more relevant now during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, a target search experiment of digital characters is carried out through a simulated interface and use scenarios of a handheld thermometer based on three variables: the inclination angle or slant of the seven segment display characters, screen brightness, and ambient illuminance. The experimental results show that the inclination angle or slant of the characters and ambient illuminance have a significant effect on the reaction speed. In general, the slowest reaction time is found when reading characters with a slant of 10° to the left and the reaction time is the fastest with a right slant of 20°. A continued reduction in ambient illuminance does not affect the visual recognition performance but instead further enhances reading efficiency. Increasing the screen brightness increases the reaction time more in relatively low ambient illuminance conditions as opposed to relatively high ambient illuminance, which implies that in higher ambient illuminance conditions, a brighter screen needs to be used to obtain the same reaction speed as that in lower ambient illuminance conditions.     

Selection of optimized features for fusion of palm print and finger knuckle‐based person authentication

The impact of digital technology in biometrics is much more efficient at interpreting data than humans, which results in completely replacement of manual identification procedures in forensic science. Because the single modality‐based biometric frameworks limit performance in terms of accuracy and anti‐spoofing capabilities due to the presence of low quality data, therefore, information fusion of more than one biometric characteristic in pursuit of high recognition results can be beneficial. In this article, we present a multimodal biometric system based on information fusion of palm print and finger knuckle traits, which are least associated to any criminal investigation as evidence yet. The proposed multimodal biometric system might be useful to identify the suspects in case of physical beating or kidnapping and establish supportive scientific evidences, when no fingerprint or face information is present in photographs. The first step in our work is data preprocessing, in which region of interest of palm and finger knuckle images have been extracted. To minimize nonuniform illumination effects, we first normalize the detected circular palm or finger knuckle and then apply line ordinal pattern (LOP)‐based encoding scheme for texture enrichment. The nondecimated quaternion wavelet provides denser feature representation at multiple scales and orientations when extracted over proposed LOP encoding and increases the discrimination power of line and ridge features. To best of our knowledge, this first attempt is a combination of backtracking search algorithm and 2D²LDA has been employed to select the dominant palm and knuckle features for classification. The classifiers output for two modalities are combined at unsupervised rank level fusion rule through Borda count method, which shows an increase in performance in terms of recognition and verification, that is, 100% (correct recognition rate), 0.26% (equal error rate), 3.52 (discriminative index), and 1,262 m (speed).