利用小波变换测量与识别轻微幅度变化与相位变化的方法

幅度变化(AD)与相位变化(PD)是电能质量扰动的重要组成部分。为了深入研究电能质量问题，该文提出一种能确定AD、PD的位置，能在小波变换(WT)域分离它们，从而测量它们的幅度，判别它们的类型的方法。该文方法的显著特点是：平滑滤波器为Haar滤波器的双正交紧支复小波，只须在很少尺度上执行输出移动不变的快速小波变换方法；AD与PD在WT域自动分离，AD幅度、PD幅度与WT输出存在简单关系；只须在一个尺度上提取简单的二进数特征量；只须进行简单的二一十进制转换的识别方法等。这些独特的技术，使得该文方法又快、又准确、又简单。     

Elastic and elastic-perfectly plastic analysis of an axisymmetric sinusoidal surface asperity contact

ABSTRACT

Closed-form finite-element empirical models are available for elastic and elastic–plastic spherical and sinusoidal contact. However, some of these models do not consider the effect of interaction with adjacent asperities or require extensive numerical resources because they employ a full 3-D model. Therefore this work has analysed and quantified the behaviour of an elastic and elastic- perfectly plastic axisymmetric sinusoidal surface in contact with a rigid flat for a wide range of material properties and different values of the amplitude to wavelength ratio from initial to complete contact (high load). The numerical results agreed well with the Hertz model and the Jackson–Green elastic–plastic spherical contact model at low loads. Empirical equations for elastic and also elastic-perfectly plastic cases are formulated for the contact pressure, contact area and surface separation. From the current analysis, it is found that it is not any single parameter, but different combinations of material properties and surface roughness that govern the whole contact behaviour. The critical value of the amplitude of the sinusoidal asperity below which it will deform completely elastically from initial to complete contact is established. At low values of amplitude normalized by the critical amplitude, it was found that the contact behaved similar to a spherical contact, with the average pressure (hardness) always remaining lower than three times the yield strength. However, at higher values the average pressure increased toward a value as high as six times the yield strength at complete contact. All of these equations should be useful in rough surface contact modelling, lubrication analysis, electrical contact modelling and in many other applications.     

某星载大口径天线子系统的力学仿真分析

星载天线在发射及在轨阶段将面临严酷的力学环境,要求具有极高的可靠性。为了验证其刚度和强度,缩短研发周期,文中采用NX Nastran软件建立了某星载大口径天线子系统的力学仿真模型;为了验证仿真的有效性,进行了该天线子系统的模态测试,经对比发现两者数据一致性较好;基于建立的有限元模型,分析了该天线子系统在正弦振动和热循环环境工况下的结构响应和受力情况,得到了相应的加速度、位移和应力云图。结果表明,该天线子系统的结构刚强度均满足星载环境要求。该仿真分析对星载天线子系统的结构设计具有重要的指导意义。     

正弦波纹管内的流动和传热数值研究

以正弦波纹管为几何模型,应用FLUENT软件,对管内的传热和流动进行了数值模拟,分析了流动状态和管道几何结构对传热与流动阻力的影响.计算结果表明,在层流和湍流时,流速都呈周期性变化.层流时,在当量直径相同的条件下,周期越大,其强化传热效果较差,而幅值较大,强化传热效果较好;在湍流时,幅值增加对强化传热影响较小,但幅值增加较大,传热和阻力都较大地增加了;为正弦型波纹管在换热领域的实际应用提供了理论依据.     

铜基正弦波微通道内流动沸腾传热特性试验研究

基于超快激光技术加工铜基正弦波弯曲型微通道,以去离子水为流动工质,在不同质量流量和热通量条件下,对弯曲型微通道内流动沸腾特性进行试验研究。基于温度/压力数据和流动可视化结果,发现通道传热系数随出口干度增大,呈迅速增大后减小并趋于稳定趋势,正弦波微通道相较直微通道具有更好的换热性能,传热系数最大提高127.7%,压降仅增加14.4%。波状通道结构能明显抑制流动沸腾中不稳定现象发生。通过可视化试验发现,随热通量增大,流型经历泡状流-弹状流-环状流的转变,换热主导机制由核态沸腾逐渐过渡到薄液膜蒸发。     

数字水准仪测量系统关键算法

针对数字水准仪如何实现自动化读数问题,根据"用不同宽度的条码组合来表征数字水准仪标尺面的不同高度位置"的编码原则,研究了双正弦条码标尺应用于电子水准测量中实现标尺自动化读数的定位原理.基于两正弦信号的相位差和采样值组合都分别与标尺位置一一对应的关系,讨论了两种不同参量的自动测量算法,推导并给出了计算公式,一种方法是采用傅里叶变换和线性换算解码读数,另一种方法是利用条码图像宽度匹配和几何法解码读数.根据两种解码方法各自的特点,选取相应的信号参量设计出合适的条码.条码读数模拟实验结果表明了两种解码算法的有效性.     

频谱无混叠采样和信号完全可重构采样

通过对采样定理的分析,指出频谱无混叠采样和信号可完全重构采样并不等同,并给出和证明了实现这两个采样的条件,从而全面地回答了在何种条件下,经典采样定理中的最低采样频率可以等于信号最高频率的二倍.作为最低采样频率问题的最典型例子,本文对正弦信号的采样和重构问题作了进一步的分析,揭示了二倍信号频率的采样导致正弦信号相位信息丢失的原因.本文对如何在应用中正确地确定最低采样频率,提供了有益的参考.     

基于能量守恒定律对涡轮流量计的脉动误差上限的估算

在管道输运当中,非稳态流会使涡轮流量计的计量结果产生偏差。为了指导脉动流工况下的涡轮流量计选型和修正,需估算脉动工况对涡轮流量计产生的最大脉动误差。忽略流体压力和温度变化影响,基于涡轮流量计的动态特性和能量守恒定律,在一个脉动周期内计算脉动流和定常流对叶轮的做功比值,推导得出正弦脉动流误差上限公式。基于6DOF模型和UDF建立了涡轮流量计CFD仿真模型,搭建了空气流实验平台,以工作级流量标准装置作为标准表,被校表和标准表间采用内置整流器的管段相连。对比定常流下的流量值,计算各脉动工况下的误差限值。综合各脉动工况点,上限公式与CFD仿真所得脉动误差上限的最大差值为0.281%,与空气流实验所得脉动误差上限的最大差值为0.224%。经CFD仿真和空气流实验结果对比验证,脉动误差上限公式较为准确,可以直接用于脉动频率大于10 Hz的工况下误差值的估计和修正。     

Robust model predictive control of constrained linear systems with bounded disturbances

This paper provides a novel solution to the problem of robust model predictive control of constrained, linear, discrete-time systems in the presence of bounded disturbances. The optimal control problem that is solved online includes, uniquely, the initial state of the model employed in the problem as a decision variable. The associated value function is zero in a disturbance invariant set that serves as the ‘origin’ when bounded disturbances are present, and permits a strong stability result, namely robust exponential stability of the disturbance invariant set for the controlled system with bounded disturbances, to be obtained. The resultant online algorithm is a quadratic program of similar complexity to that required in conventional model predictive control.     

Circadian Rhythm Disorders Aggravate Periodontitis by Modulating BMAL1

Circadian rhythms regulate the body’s homeostasis through the temporal control of tissue-specific circadian rhythm control genes. Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) affect the expression levels of circadian rhythms-associated genes in brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like-1(BMAL1), which is thought to contribute to metabolic disorders and an altered immune system. However, the relationship between CRD and the development of periodontitis was poorly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role played by BMAL1 in periodontitis. We used a modified multi-platform approach (MMPM) to induce circadian rhythm disturbances in rats to investigate the role of BMAL1 in periodontitis. Our results showed significant downregulation of BMAL1 in the CRD with periodontitis group, significant resorption of alveolar bone, increased osteoclast differentiation, and upregulation of the inflammatory signaling molecule NF-κB. In addition, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels were increased in periodontal tissues. Collectively, our study suggests that BMAL1 is a key regulator in periodontitis exacerbated by CRD and that CRD may lead to the downregulation of BMAL1, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress and apoptosis in periodontal tissues. Our study found that BMAL1 may be associated with the progression of periodontitis and provides a new perspective on the treatment of periodontitis.