基于EMD方法的X波段双偏振雷达衰减订正

针对X波段双偏振雷达信号在降雨路径中的衰减现象,本文提出经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）方法进行X波段双偏振雷达衰减订正,首先对总差分传播相移进行EMD分解得到有限个基本模式分量（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,并基于皮尔逊相关系数准则将IMF分为噪声IMF和信号IMF两类,然后对信号IMF进行有效重构得到差分传播相移,再将差分传播相移通过最小二乘法拟合得到差分传播相移率,最后对求得的差分传播相移与差分传播相移率采用自适应约束方法进行反射率衰减订正。利用EMD方法和其他方法进行对比分析,其结果表明,EMD方法能够有效地消除X波段双偏振雷达回波数据中后向散射的影响,在保留真实的气象信息的同时,有效地抑制差分传播相移的显著波动,进而衰减订正效果更好。     

Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing in 5G Heterogeneous Mobile Networks

In Fifth Generation (5G) Heterogeneous Mobile Networks (HetNets), deploying dense small cell networks makes user association more challenging. The process of collecting cell load information from the User Equipments (UEs) and broadcasting the feedback message involves significant overhead and time complexity. Moreover, the UEs may not know the optimum cell to reselect, satisfying its data rate requirements. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to design an Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing (HHCLB) technique using Selective Handoff. In this technique, the UEs of each cell are grouped into clusters depending on their proximity distance. Each cluster contains a cluster controller (CC) which is in charge of determining the intra-cell load and redirecting the cell-reselection request of a UE. If the data rate of any UE in a cluster becomes less than its required rate, then the cell reselection process is performed. By simulation results, it is shown that load balancing can be done proactively (implicitly) by the CCs when the load is unbalanced or can be done on demand (explicitly) when a UE send a request for cell reselection. In the case of Macro cells, HHCLB attains 71% higher throughput for low load scenario and 59% higher throughput for high load scenario. Similarly, in the case of Femto cells, HHCLB attains 19% higher throughput for low load scenario and 27% higher throughput for high load scenario.     

基于灰色预测与滑模变结构的ABS仿真分析

为研究汽车制动防抱死系统(antilock brake system,ABS)的超前性、实时性与鲁棒性,结合灰色预测和滑模变结构控制方法,提出基于灰色预测GM(1,1)模型与滑模变结构控制的ABS综合控制算法,建立仿真模型进行数据的对比分析.结果表明:相对于单滑模或bang-bang控制,灰色预测与滑模变结构综合控制方法使汽车ABS超前运行,缩短了制动时间与制动距离;有助于缓解滑模变结构方法自身带来的抖动缺陷.因此,灰色预测与滑模变结构综合控制方法有助于提升ABS的响应速度、实时鲁棒性与人体舒适性.     

PMSM馈能系统硬件在环仿真研究

为对电动汽车动力电机馈能效率进行研究,方便馈能效率的测量,提出一种基于滑模控制算法的PMSM(permanent magnet synchronous motor)馈能研究方法,即通过控制电动机的输入电压与电流来驱动相同性能的电动机发电。首先以馈能理论为基础,建立包含滑模变结构控制、空间矢量、PMSM等模块的PMSM馈能系统仿真模型,并进行离线仿真分析。结果表明:采用所提出的馈能方法可达到70%左右的馈能效率,具有一定的可行性。同时,建立PMSM馈能系统dSPACE硬件在环试验平台,对其进行硬件在环试验验证。试验结果表明:电动机馈能效率在60%~80%的范围内,与离线仿真所得结果较为接近。这不仅验证了所建立的馈能仿真模型的正确性,且进一步证明了纯电动汽车动力电机自身馈能在节能方面的可行性。所提出的馈能方法能够为目前现有馈能方式提供更多选择,硬件在环试验研究也能够为后续的PMSM台架和实车试验研究提供一些技术支持。     

立体停车位液压系统控制策略及节能控制技术研究

针对目前立体停车位均采用阀控液压动力系统,存在系统效率低、能耗大等问题,将伺服电机直驱定量泵的节能技术应用于立体停车位的液压系统中.采用滑模变结构算法与模糊控制算法相结合的模糊滑模控制算法作为立体停车位各个工况切换的控制策略,相比于工业中常用的模糊PID控制算法,模糊滑模变结构控制能够对系统设定流量需求进行快速响应,在多个工况切换时,波动小、稳定速度快.同时对使用节能技术的立体停车位运行时的功率、能耗及系统效率进行测试,结果表明使用伺服电机直驱定量泵的液压节能系统与使用传统阀控液压系统相比,能耗降低了31.2%,系统效率提高了33.2%,具有较好的节能效果.     

High Figure of Merit (FOM) of Bragg Modes in Au‐Coated Nanodisk Arrays for Plasmonic Sensing

Gold‐coated nanodisk arrays of nearly micron periodicity are reported that have high figure of merit (FOM) and sensitivity necessary for plasmonic refractometric sensing, with the added benefit of suitability for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), large‐scale microfabrication using standard photolithographic techniques and a simple instrumental setup. Gold nanodisk arrays are covered with a gold layer to excite the Bragg modes (BM), which are the propagative surface plasmons localized by the diffraction from the disk array. This generates surface‐guided modes, localized as standing waves, leading to highly confined fields confirmed by a mapping of the SERS intensity and numerical simulations with 3D finite element method. The optimal gold‐coated nanodisk arrays are applied for refractometric sensing in transmission spectroscopy with better performance than nanohole arrays and they are integrated to a 96‐well plate reader for detection of IgY proteins in the nanometer range in PBS. The potential for sensing in biofluids is assessed with IgG detection in 1:1 diluted urine. The structure exhibits a high FOM of up to 46, exceeding the FOM of structures supporting surface plasmon polaritons and comparable to more complex nanostructures, demonstrating that subwavelength features are not necessary for high‐performance plasmonic sensing.     

Plasmon enhancement for Vernier coupled single-mode lasing from ZnO/Pt hybrid microcavities

It is essential to develop a single mode operation and improve the performance of lasing in order to ensure practical applicability of microlasers and nanolasers.In this paper,two hexagonal microteeth with varied nanoscaled air-gaps of a ZnO microcomb are used to construct coupled whispering-gallery cavities.This is done to achieve a stable single mode lasing based on Vernier effect without requiring any complicated or sophisticated manipulation to achieve positioning with nanoscale precision.Optical gain and the corresponding ultraviolet lasing performance were improved greatly through coupling with localized surface plasmons of Pt nanoparticles.The ZnO/Pt hybrid microcavities achieved a seven-fold enhancement of intensity of single mode lasing with higher sidemode suppression ratio and lower threshold.The mechanism that led to this enhancement has been described in detail.     

Fracture mechanics‐based progressive damage modelling of adhesively bonded fibre‐reinforced polymer joints

A quasi‐static progressive damage model for prediction of the fracture behaviour and strength of adhesively bonded fibre‐reinforced polymer joints is introduced in this paper. The model is based on the development of a mixed‐mode failure criterion as a function of a master R‐curve derived from the experimental results obtained from standard fracture mechanics joints. Consequently, the developed failure criterion is crack‐length and mode‐mixity dependent, and it takes into account the contribution of the fibre‐bridging effect. Energy release rate values for adhesively bonded double‐lap joints are obtained by using the virtual crack closure technique method in a finite element model, and the numerically obtained strain energy release rate is compared to the critical strain energy release rate given by the mixed‐mode failure criterion. The entire procedure is implemented in a numerical algorithm, which was successfully used for predicting the strength and R‐curve response of adhesively bonded double‐lap structural joints made of pultruded glass fibre‐reinforced polymers and epoxy adhesives.     

Fracture investigation of U‐notch made of tungsten–copper functionally graded materials by means of strain energy density

The averaged strain energy density over a well‐defined control volume was employed to assess the fracture of U‐notched specimens made of tungsten–copper functionally graded materials under prevalent mode II loading. The boundary of control volume was evaluated by using a numerical method. Power law function was employed to describe the mechanical properties (elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, fracture toughness and ultimate tensile stress) through the specimen width. The effect of notch tip radius and notch depth on notch stress intensity factors and mode mixity parameter χ were assessed. In addition, a comparison based on fracture load between functionally graded and homogeneous W–Cu was made. Furthermore, in this research, it was shown that the mean value of the strain energy density over the control volume can be accurately determined using coarse meshes for functionally graded materials.     

An investigation of T‐stresses in a plate with an inclined crack under biaxial loadings

For plates with an inclined crack of wide‐range aspect ratios under biaxial loadings, T‐stress values are calculated with three‐dimensional finite element method. The results show that the normalized T‐stress is crack length and orientation dependent. A linear equation for the relationship between normalized T‐stresses and biaxility factors is proposed to describe the normalized T‐stresses for different crack lengths and crack angles under different biaxial loadings, which is more convenient and involves wider biaxility ratios compared with the existing solutions. The plate thickness effect and the trend of normalized T‐stresses along the crack front thickness are also studied for mode I and I–II mixed‐mode cracks. Based on the analyses and comparisons, it is necessary to take the thickness effect into consideration when the crack length is long enough (a/W = 7/10). When the component of mode II is significant (β > 45°), and the biaxility ratios are negative, T‐stresses near the free surface are lower than those at other positions, which are the opposite of mode I crack and most of I–II mixed‐mode crack.