基于LMTO算法磁记忆屈服信号的定量化分析

磁记忆法对铁磁性金属构件的应力集中区域具有很好检测效果。但是,目前构件在弹性阶段和塑性阶段的磁记忆信号特征很难被区分,从而无法对构件的应力集中程度和使用寿命进行有效评估。基于固体电子理论建立了磁记忆效应的边界滑移模型,利用线性化M-T轨道算法(LMTO)计算了固体在弹性、塑性阶段,系统的能量变化、不同轨道电子的自旋态密度的变化情况,进而定量分析了构件发生屈服后的磁记忆信号变化规律。研究结果表明,应力集中程度与系统边界滑移能量呈线性正比例关系,与电子自旋态密度峰峰值、磁记忆信号呈线性反比例关系;构件发生塑性形变后,体系能量和电子自旋发生不可逆的变化,磁记忆信号曲线出现转折点;构件每发生一次塑性变形,磁记忆信号初始值都会变小,曲线斜率变小。     

坐便器坯裂缺陷的产生原因及克服方法

对某卫生瓷厂坐便器坯裂缺陷的产生原因做了分析,指出了泥浆性能对坐便器生产的影响,提出了解决坯裂缺陷的措施。     

氧化铝陶瓷球,衬在陶瓷釉浆球磨中的应用

本文介绍了氧化铝陶瓷球、衬在釉浆球磨中的应用,并对影响球磨机效率的几个因素进行了研究。发现只有当釉浆比重不小于1.75g/cm~3时,才能获得良好的球磨效果。当釉浆比重、料球比和球石装载量分别为1.83g/cm~3,1:2(0.5)和 6900kg时,2500kg球磨机研磨效率最高,运转10小时,便可获得细釉浆(万孔筛余:≤0.06％)。     

钢球纵轧成形后滑的研究

基于钢球坯纵轧成形工艺,应用弹塑性有限元法,建立了钢球坯连轧成形的实体模型;模拟了轧件在成形过程中的速度场;通过实验研究了后滑的存在及其影响因素。     

Achieving fabrication of highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics via air pre-sintering by deionization treatment of suspension

An easy albeit quite effective deionization suspension treatment was adopted to alleviate the detrimental effects related to the hydrolysis of Y₂O₃ in an aqueous medium. Fabrication of highly transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics with a fine grain size via air pre-sintering and post–hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment without using any sintering additive was achieved using the treated suspensions. The hydrolysis issue of Y₂O₃ powder in an aqueous medium was effectively alleviated by using deionization treatment, and a well-dispersed suspension with a low concentration of dissolved Y³⁺ species was obtained. The dispersed suspensions were consolidated by the centrifugal casting method, and the green bodies derived from the suspension of 35.0 vol% solid loading showed an improved homogeneity with a relative density of 52.1%. Fully dense Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic with high transparency was obtained by pre-sintering consolidated green compacts at a low temperature of 1400°C for 16 h in air followed by a post-HIP treatment at 1550°C for 2 h under 200 MPa pressure. The sample had a fine average grain size of 690 nm. The in-line transmittance of the sample reached 83.3% and 81.8% at 1100 nm and 800 nm, respectively, very close to the theoretical values of Y₂O₃.     

二维库伦摩擦力系统的精确解及新数值算法研究*

在路径坐标系下,引入了恒定外部激励力二维库伦摩擦力系统滑移轨迹的精确解。当量纲一的外部激励力F>1时,系统会最终进入黏滞状态,给出了对应的黏滞的位置和黏滞发生的时刻;当F<1时,系统会保持滑移状态。当初始时刻外部激励力的方向与初始速度方向之间的夹角值较大时(接近于反向),则在轨迹中存在一个滑移方向发生剧烈变化的拐点,特别的,当F>1时,拐点接近于黏滞位置。传统积分算法不易求解含有转换及捌点的二维库伦摩擦力系统。假设在足够小的时间步长内,时变外载荷激励可以近似认为保持恒定不变,则利用上述解析解能够建立一种新的库伦摩擦力系统数值求解算法,进而分析粗糙接触表面多结点模型的微滑移以及微滑移诱发的磨损与能量损耗等。     

Atomistic simulations of interactions between screw dislocation and twin boundaries in zirconium

Molecular statics was employed to simulate interaction between screw dislocation and twin boundaries (TB) in hexagonal close-packed zirconium. In the moving TB model, the interaction of a moving $\left\{10\overline{1}2\right\}$ TB with a static $1/3〈11\overline{2}0〉\left\{10\overline{1}0\right\}$ screw dislocation was investigated. Twinning dislocation (TD) nucleation and movement play an important role in the interaction. The screw dislocation passes through the moving TB and changes to a basal one with a wide core. In the moving dislocation model, a moving $1/3〈11\overline{2}0〉\left\{10\overline{1}0\right\}$ dislocation passes through the TB, converting into a basal one containing two partial dislocations and an extremely short stacking fault. If the TB changes to the $\left\{10\overline{1}1\right\}$ one, the moving $1/3〈11\overline{2}0〉\left\{10\overline{1}0\right\}$ prismatic screw dislocation can be absorbed by the static TB and dissociated into two TDs on the TB. Along with the stress–strain relationship, results reveal the complicated mechanisms of interactions between the dislocation and TBs.     

剪切载荷条件下镍基单晶合金裂纹扩展与微观结构演化行为研究

目前拉伸载荷下的镍基单晶合金的力学性能研究较为广泛,而剪切载荷对镍基单晶合金的力学性能也十分重要但缺乏研究。本文利用分子动力学方法研究了镍基单晶合金在剪切载荷下的裂纹扩展和微观结构演化,分析了应力-应变、势能和裂纹生长速率的变化。同时,揭示了温度和剪切应变率对裂纹扩展和微观结构演化的影响。结果表明,临界分切应力随温度的降低和应变速率的增大而增大;随着温度的升高以及剪切载荷下发生剧烈的热运动,裂缝表现为加速扩展的趋势;而在较高的应变率影响下,会形成位错塞积和孪晶,出现加工硬化现象。     

35CrMo钢全滑移区微动磨损行为

采用自制微动磨损试验装置,研究了法向载荷F、位移幅值δd和循环次数N对35CrMo钢全滑移区室温微动磨损性能的影响,并对其磨损形式和损伤机理进行了探讨。结果表明,F、δd、N三参数共同影响35CrMo钢全滑移区微动磨损,磨损随一个参数的增加而加重;摩擦因数变化反应出试验初期磨损比较严重,随后磨损趋于平缓;经磨痕形貌分析,可见黏着磨损、磨粒磨损;磨损机制为剥层和第三体磨损机制。     

Precipitate characteristics and their effect on the prismatic-slip-dominated deformation behaviour of an Mg–6 Zn alloy

This study provides a detailed quantitative characterization of precipitation in an Mg–6 Zn alloy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the average size, aspect ratio and volume fraction of the rod-shaped precipitates for ageing at 200 °C. The effect of these precipitate characteristics on the prismatic-slip-dominated deformation behaviour of the above alloy has been evaluated. In particular, their effect on the yield strength and work hardening behaviour of the alloy has been determined. The potential role of Zn solute in solution on the rate of dynamic recovery is discussed. TEM was also used to examine the precipitate–dislocation interaction mechanism on the prism plane in various precipitation states. It was found that the Orowan equation is appropriate for predicting the strengthening on the prism and basal planes due to rod-shaped precipitates.