高密度泥浆法处理某硫铁矿酸性废水工艺优化研究

采用高密度泥浆法处理某硫铁矿酸性废水,进行了工艺参数优化研究与经济性分析。实验得到最优工艺条件为：系统水力停留时间30 min,气水比5:1,pH 9.0-9.2,石灰投加量0.83 kg/m₃^,PAM投加量15 g/m₃^,回调pH的硫酸(浓度98%)用量为0.0167L/m₃^{。结果表明},最优工艺条件下出水水质可以稳定达到《铜、镍、钴工业污染物排放标准》(GB25467—2010)表2、《铁矿采选行业废水污染物排放标准》(GB28661-2012)表2和《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准中规定的污染物限值要求。HDS工艺的运行成本约为1.57元/m₃^废水,具有较好的经济性,实验结果可作为废水处理站提升改造工程的设计依据。     

焦化厂污水处理工艺

对原以好氧生物处理为主的污水综合处理工艺进行了改造,增加了厌氧-缺氧-好氧的污水处理单元。改造后的污水处理工艺解决了污水脱氮问题并提高了COD的去除率,其运行情况表明:氨氮的去除率约为70%～90%,COD的去除率由原来的平均80.0%提高到平均87.0%。改造后的污水处理工艺适用于焦化厂污水的处理。     

炼油生化剩余污泥催化深度减量技术的工业应用

大幅减少炼油生化剩余污泥对降低企业污泥处理和处置费用、保护生态环境意义重大.考察了炼油生化剩余污泥催化深度减量SM R技术工业化的处理效果,运行结果表明:对含水率98.3％ 的炼油生化剩余污泥,经过SMR污泥减量装置的处理,污泥脱水性能得到显著改善,脱水残渣平均含水率57.1％、污泥量减少99.4％、挥发性悬浮物平均去...     

污泥的热解动力学及机理研究

1前言污泥的热分解过程是污泥在气化和燃烧过程中的初始阶段,对污泥稳定着火和燃烧过程有着重大的影响。因此,深入研究污泥的热分解将增进对污泥的各种转换过程的理解,对完善污泥的气化和燃烧过程的控制和设计有着一定的现实意义。由于污泥的热解过程非常复杂,整个热解过程既有     

温度对污水污泥流化床热解油成分影响的GC_MS分析

采用气相色谱/质谱联用技术,对污水污泥在流化床中不同热解温度下热解获得的热解油进行了分析.通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析,在污泥热解油中检测出100多种成分,采用峰面积法对各种成分进行定量分析,对热解油中的29种峰面积百分比大于1%的成分进行了定性分析.热解油中含有苯及其化合物、烯烃、羧酸、多环芳烃(PAHs)、含氮化合物、含氯化合物和酯类,400 ℃时热解油中酯类的含量占绝对优势,而在600 ℃时,烯烃的含量最多,各种组分的分布较400 ℃时均匀.     

Pioneer studies in trace element contamination of the food chain: disregard of prior work risks re‐inventing the wheel

Current publications tend to make little reference to early work in their field. The study of the contamination of the food chain by trace elements is no exception. It is suggested that among the reasons for the lack of early citations are the reliance on library databases, the need to keep lists of references concise, and increased specialisation. The contributions of the main pioneers are reviewed together with the principal areas of early investigation, namely trace elements in urban gardens, non‐ferrous metal‐mining spoil, sewage sludge and from atmospheric deposition. An outline is given of the development of the analytical methods that allowed accurate and rapid determination of trace elements. It is concluded that the disregard of the early period work results not only in its omission from university courses but in repetition of research. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统除浊效果及过滤机制研究

利用悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统处理淮河原水,考察其除浊效果及稳定性,同时对预涂动态膜错流过滤模型进行探讨。结果表明,悬浮澄清池-预涂动态膜错流过滤系统对浊度的总去除率可达99%以上,出水浊度0.2NTU以下;预涂剂为30g粉末活性炭和75g硅藻土并投加一定量聚铝进行二次混凝时,预涂动态膜错流过滤过程可用标准过滤模型描述,说明动态膜透水孔隙的堵塞可归结为颗粒在膜孔隙中的吸附、架桥等作用。研究结果为减少水浊度提供了新方法。     

Fenton法预活化污泥制备磁性活性炭的实验研究

利用Fenton法预活化二沉池剩余污泥能够有效改善污泥活性炭的性质,制备性能良好的污泥磁性活性炭.通过考察H_2O_2投加量、H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)投加质量比、活化pH、预活化时间对污泥前驱体和污泥磁性活性炭的影响,探索Fenton法预活化污泥的作用机理.结果表明:Fenton试剂在酸性pH条件下产生羟基自由基,具有强氧化性的·OH破坏污泥胞外聚合物,同时将大分子有机物氧化成中间体和小分子有机物,少量孔隙随着CO_2和H_2O的逸出而形成;Fenton试剂的使用引入了铁,而铁盐是污泥热解的催化剂,能够促进焦油的裂解,加快有机物大分子键的断裂,从而促使更多孔隙的生成.     

Analysis of oil content in drying petroleum sludge of tank bottom

In this paper, the oil content and corresponding components were analyzed in the samples of drying tank bottom petroleum sludges from Sinochem Xingzhong Oil Staging (Zhoushan) Co. Ltd. The composition of the oily sludge was determined by using organic solvent extraction gravimetric method (organic solvent is selected as petroleum ether, benzene, and toluene, respectively) and calcining-gravimetric method. It was found that measurement errors by using petroleum ether extraction gravimetric method and direct weight-loss method were bigger than those errors by using benzene or toluene extraction gravimetric method. During the measurement, it was also found that toluene should be recommended instead of benzene due to its lower toxicity. The measurement results show that water content, oil content and solid content by mass in the sludge were 9.8%, 25.8% (the asphaltene is accounted for 22.7% of the oil content in the sludge) and 64.4%, respectively. Also, chemical composition of the solids in the sludge was analyzed by using organic solvent extraction gravimetric method and XRD structure analysis method, then it was shown that Fe(OH)O·H₂O is the main solid component in the sludge.     

市政污泥流化床掺烧生物质的NO与SO2排放特性研究

为了探究市政污泥燃烧过程中的气态污染物排放特性,在30 kW鼓泡流化床实验台上进行了市政污泥的燃烧实验,研究燃烧温度、二次风率、秸秆掺混比等参数对气态污染物排放特性的影响。结果表明：燃烧温度的升高会显著提高NO与SO₂的排放;提高二次风率使NO排放浓度减少,SO₂排放浓度增加;由于生物质中较低的N、S含量以及生物质与污泥燃烧的协同作用,污泥掺烧生物质能够有效地减少NO与SO₂的排放;秸秆占比由0提升至40%,NO由289 mg/m³下降至140 mg/m³,而SO₂排放浓度也从3 949 mg/m³下降至1 725 mg/m³;污泥掺烧秸秆时,NO与SO₂的整体排放特性与污泥单独焚烧相似,掺烧秸秆能够加快整体的燃烧速率,并加强燃烧气氛的氧化性,进而影响气态污染物的排放。