NEURAL NETWORK PREDICTION OF CETANE NUMBERS FOR ISOPARAFFINS AND DIESEL FUEL

A backpropagation neural network was used to correlate and predict the cetane numbers of isoparaffins and diesel fuels. For the isoparaffins, the correlation was made between the chemical structure of the branched paraffins and their cetane number. Thirteen branched paraffins were employed to train the network. The group additivity method was used to express the degree of branching of the isoparaffins. According to their positions in the molecule structure, three carbon groups (methylene [-CH₂-] subdivided into methylene α, β and γ, or further, to a carbon that is not a methylene, methyne [>CH-] and quaternary carbon [>C<]) were regrouped into four categories, and included along with normal boiling points, as the network inputs. For the selected diesel fuels, different combinations of physical properties such as density, viscosity, aniline point, and distillation temperatures were tested as the neural network input. The best model was obtained using density, viscosity, aniline point and ASTM D86 measured distillation temperatures (IBP, 10%, 50%, 90% and FBP) as inputs. The trained network models, when applied to predict the cetane number of other isoparaffins and diesel fuel, were quite accurate.     

盘锦港疏港铁路主要技术标准的选择

以盘锦港疏港铁路为例,介绍了铁路主要技术标准如何选择,指出铁路主要技术标准的选择应贯彻强本简末、强干弱支的方针,以运量为依据,保证合理的经济效益的原则,二者必须兼顾和统一。     

Evaluation of China's local enforcement of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for appliances and equipment

AimsThis paper aims to evaluate local enforcement of China's mandatory appliance and equipment energy efficiency standards and labeling programs, two increasingly important policies for meeting national energy and carbon reduction targets. The expected energy savings of efficiency standards and labels can be fully realized only with strong enforcement to ensure compliance for all products sold. This paper provides comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the methodologies, results, progress and remaining challenges in pilot enforcement projects initiated in the absence of consistent national check-testing focused on energy efficiency.ScopeThis paper's scope is focused on 2006–2009 pilot local check-tests conducted to verify appliance and equipment compliance with China's mandatory energy label and efficiency standards.ConclusionsThis paper finds both improvement and some backsliding in compliance rates over time. Compared to earlier efforts, 2009 check-tests covered a wider regional and product scope but demonstrated greater variation in compliance rates. Labeling display and energy efficiency compliance was generally high across regions and most products, but lower compliance rates were observed in less economically developed regions and for lighting and industrial products. Based on these findings, areas for improvement in local awareness, product sampling methodology, check-testing tools and procedures are identified.     

Comparison of CTOD standards: BS 7448-Part 1 and revised ASTM E1290

Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) has been calculated using the plastic hinge model with an assumed rotational center since the British Standards Institution (BS) standardized BS5762 in 1979. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) accepted the plastic hinge model and standardized E1290 in 1989. However, ASTM revised E1290 in 2002, and has proposed a conversion from J to CTOD. CTOD-based fracture toughness evaluation has been widely used for the defect assessment of many welded structural components, and two different CTOD calculations could lead to confusion for Fitness-for-Service. In this study, the effects of CTOD testing methodologies on CTOD values were investigated according to round robin tests conducted by the Japan Welding Engineering Society (WES), and the concept of CTOD as a fracture parameter is discussed.     

TQC与ISO_（9000）之比较研究

等同采用ＩＳＯ（９０００）系列标准，必然涉及到它与全面质量管理（ＴＯＣ）的关系问题。他们之间既有明显不同，又存在着内在联系。他们既不能相互包容，也不能相互取代。高层管理者必须认真处理好他们的关系，以便抓住时机，迎接即将来临的国际竞争。     

The Application of Workflow Technology in Semantic B2B Integration

Workflow Management Systems (WFMSs) are often used in context of B2B integration as a base technology to implement business-to-business (B2B) integration processes across enterprises. In this context the notion of distributed inter-organizational workflows is introduced to indicate the collaboration of enterprises on a process level. This notion requires a thorough examination presented in this article since WFMSs were not designed with inter-enterprise distribution as one of the design goals. At a closer look, the proposed use of WFMSs in context of B2B integration is often very naïve and inappropriate. Consequently it does not address the real requirements found in enterprises. Enterprises do not share common workflow definitions, let alone common workflow instance execution state and have no intent to do so due to competitive knowledge protection. Furthermore, trading partner specific business rules within enterprises are not accounted for leading to an unwanted explosion of workflow definitions. This article clarifies the notion of distributed inter-organizational workflows as well as private and public processes. Based on this definition, the appropriate use of WFMSs is shown in context of an overall B2B integration solution that allows enterprises to protect their competitive knowledge while participating in B2B integration.     

Linking learning goals and educational resources through interactive concept map visualizations

Concept browsing interfaces can help educators and learners to locate and use learning resources that are aligned with recognized learning goals. The Strand Map Service enables users to navigate interactive visualizations of related learning goals and to request digital library resources aligned with learning goals. These interfaces are created using a programmatic Web service interface that dynamically generates interactive visual components. Preliminary findings suggest that these library interfaces appear to help users stay focused on the scientific content of their information discovery task, as opposed to focusing on the mechanics of searching.     

建筑生态环境评价体系及评价标准的分析与探讨

提出了建筑生态环境评价的概念和建立建筑生态环境评价体系的意义,指出了其评价原则、内容和方法.对国外建筑生态环境的评价标准做了详细介绍和对比分析,能指导我国建立适合我国国情的绿色生态建筑的评估体系,创造出更好的建筑生态环境.     

论高校二级院系党组织建设

廉洁教育对大学生的健康成长具有十分重要的意义.大学生廉洁教育应以对人的行为规范、先进典型的宣传教育和反面典型的警示教育为主要内容,通过以思想教育为中心,发挥课堂教学和环境渗透等形式的启示与引导作用,潜移默化、分层次、有步骤地将廉洁教育全面渗入校园.     

Achieving educational technology standards: the relationship between student teacher's interest and institutional support offered

Having in mind the need for an increased attention to the importance of pre‐service teacher development concerning technology, this study examined teachers' interest to attain educational technology standards (Interest) in terms of their computer attitude (Attitude) and the professional support they received to attain these standards (Support). The study used a sample of 39 mathematics student teachers and 62 elementary student teachers. The two groups only differed in Support favouring elementary student teachers, who, contrary to mathematics student teachers, received some basic instruction concerning ET standards.Despite these differences in Support, the two‐group path analysis applied revealed that, for both student teachers, the direct effects of Support on Attitude and of Attitude on Interest were positive and significant. On the other hand, the total and direct effects of Support on Interest, although positive, were insignificant. However, because of significant indirect effects, the impact of Support on Interest was mediated through Attitude in both groups. These findings support the view that in order to develop Interest, Support should focus on developing Attitude, which may hold true in general not depending on student teacher type and the level of Support. Implications for further research and (pre‐service) teacher professional development are examined.