超声波CT在混凝土爆炸损伤中的应用

在高强度混凝土爆炸前后,利用超声波CT成像技术,进行声波测试并生成CT图像,可以比较完整地反映混凝土的内部损伤及其变化.实验结果表明,波速的变化能良好的表征混凝土的损伤;药包爆炸后,主要在炮孔周围及其下部造成损伤,其中炮孔下部的损伤度较大,底部则受到压密作用,波速增大.     

An EXAFS study on oxidic and sulfided K-MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

By analyzing the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of the Mo K-absorption edge, structural information for both oxidic and sulfided K-MoO₃/-Al₂O₃ catalysts with different potassium content was obtained. The oxidic samples show two backscatterer peaks in the radial distribution function (RDF), which correspond to the Mo-O coordinations in the nearest Mo-O shell. The nearest oxygen atoms are present with large configurational disorder. The RDF for the K/Mo = 0 sample is significantly different from that for crystalline MoO₃ and ammonium heptamolybdate. The RDFs for potassium promoted samples are, in some extent, similar to that for ammonium heptamolybdate. The sample with K/Mo = 0.8 and that with K/Mo=1.5 do not show obvious difference in their local Mo-O structures. The EXAFS results support the earlier conclusions from Raman spectroscopy studies on identical samples [7]. When the samples are sulfided, a rearrangement of the local neighbors around Mo atoms takes place, to form small MoS₂-like crystallites. The Mo-S and Mo-Mo coordination distances on these catalysts are the same as those in crystalline MoS₂, but the coordination numbers are significantly lower than in MoS₂. The EXAFS results indicate that Mo species on the K/Mo=0 catalyst mainly consist of Mo-S-Mo units (the basic building units of MoS₂), which are highly dispersed and show a higher level of disorder than in MoS₂. With the modification by the potassium promoter, Mo species are significantly aggregated and their local neighbors are more similar to those in MoS₂, but the Mo species still exist in a state of high dispersion.     

大孔距小排距的孔网参数在中深孔爆破中的应用

天铁集团的石矿厂多年来爆破效果不理想,粉矿率高,通过对爆破孔网参数的优化,采用大孔距、小排距的孔网参数在中深孔爆破中取得了较好的效果。     

Emotional modulation of cognitive control: Approach–withdrawal states double-dissociate spatial from verbal two-back task performance.

Emotional states might selectively modulate components of cognitive control. To test this hypothesis, the author randomly assigned 152 undergraduates (equal numbers of men and women) to watch short videos intended to induce emotional states (approach, neutral, or withdrawal). Each video was followed by a computerized 2-back working memory task (spatial or verbal, equated for difficulty and appearance). Spatial 2-back performance was enhanced by a withdrawal state and impaired by an approach state; the opposite pattern held for verbal performance. The double dissociation held more strongly for participants who made more errors than average across conditions. The results suggest that approach–withdrawal states can have selective influences on components of cognitive control, possibly on a hemispheric basis. They support and extend several frameworks for conceptualizing emotion–cognition interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

350 km/h高速铁路有砟轨道基床结构的技术条件分析

采用车辆轨道路基垂向耦合动力学模型,研究了轨道高低不平顺下有砟轨道路基动力影响系数φ_i的概率分布特性;根据循环荷载下路基粗粒土典型填料单元模型试验反映出的累积变形状态特征与荷载水平的关系,明确了基床以下填料处于无时间效应变形状态、基床填料处于微弱时间效应变形状态的设计工作状态;以基床结构的动强度、长期动力稳定性、循环变形为设计控制指标,开展了高速铁路有砟轨道基床结构的技术条件分析。研究表明:表征路基承受列车动力效应程度的φ_i沿线路纵向服从对数正态分布;列车荷载作用下,路基各结构层的累积变形状态与填料性质密切相关;基床结构的长期动力稳定性为设计主控因素,据此,提出了适用于350km/h有砟轨道高铁基床双层结构型式的技术标准建议。     

热压与风机动力共同作用下多分支隧道内排烟气流的多解性

多分支隧道的排烟与补风路径较多,热压与风机动力的竞争可能造成其通风排烟模式具有多解性。针对某一多分支隧道的防排烟工况,利用理论分析建立了各种气流模式的控制方程,通过数学方法获得了理论解。结果证明,在按照预期设计选定通风排烟模式与风机以后,多分支隧道内的排烟气流仍然可能存在多种状态,风机的运行工况点也会随之漂移,导致排烟方向可能与设计预期完全相反。研究还发现,通过改变风机选型能起到抑制排烟气流出现多解的作用。