Mixing in Wave Processes Propagating in Gas Mixtures (Review)

A review is made of uptodate investigations in the field of physicomathematical modeling of mixing of solid particles with highvelocity gas flows arising under the action on shock waves, compression waves, and expansion waves on unstable dust deposits on the boundaries of channels or plates and in cavities, as well as on free clouds of particles. In particular, experiments in shock tubes with particles initially located in cavities and on surfaces are described. The experimental data presented in the form of distributions of particle concentrations at various points of space above the unstable layer, pressure distributions on the lower wall of the shock tube, etc., are used for verification of proposed mathematical models in regimes of single particles, interacting continua, and turbulent diffusion. An analysis of experimental and numerical data shows that the models considered sometimes allow adequate identification of the wave structure of motion of the mixture and the field of parameters inside and outside the layer.     

挡水结构水下爆炸作用的离心模型试验

水下爆炸包括冲击波和气泡脉动,两者能量相当,均会对结构产生毁伤作用。水下爆炸载荷试验唯有在离心机内才满足相似关系,设计试验时宜在离心机负载范围内尽可能增加模型尺寸以减小边界效应。针对挡水结构,在离心机内布置压力传感器、高速摄像机、加速度计及应变片测试了冲击波、气泡脉动载荷及结构产生的动力响应。通过试验对比了水下爆炸和空爆产生的载荷,分析其引起结构动力响应的差异。对于水下爆炸,重力加速度的增加引起气泡脉动冲量的减小,而气泡脉动产生的峰值应变基本与气泡冲量呈线性关系,因而模拟气泡脉动对结构作用时应考虑重力效应。     

基于知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为模型研究

为了将知识、信念、愿望和意图以及害怕、焦虑和自信对决策行为的影响的强烈程度进行形式化,把无穷值的卢卡斯维茨逻辑的真值取值范围从[0,1]扩展到[-1,1]。知识情感等级BDI主体的决策行为通过添加了具体条件的不同背景的不同测度来决定;知识情感等级BDI主体模型清晰地表示了主体的知识状态、心智状态和情感状态的不确定性;此模型可以轻易地向其他类型的主体进行推广。在给出了知识情感等级BDI模型的语言、语义以及此模型的不同背景之间的相互关系之后,对知识情感等级BDI主体的军事决策行为进行了实例分析。此研究旨在为分布式人工智能和军事仿真提供形式支持。     

基于未知环境状态新定义及知识启发的机器人导航Q学习算法

由于强大的自主学习能力, 强化学习方法逐渐成为机器人导航问题的研究热点, 但是复杂的未知环境对算法的运行效率和收敛速度提出了考验。提出一种新的机器人导航Q学习算法, 首先用三个离散的变量来定义环境状态空间, 然后分别设计了两部分奖赏函数, 结合对导航达到目标有利的知识来启发引导机器人的学习过程。实验在Simbad仿真平台上进行, 结果表明本文提出的算法很好地完成了机器人在未知环境中的导航任务, 收敛性能也有其优越性。     

基于RBF神经网络的瓦斯检测技术的研究

着重介绍红外探测系统的总体设计思想、微弱信号的检测技术及检测系统的软、硬件设计,对如何应用单片机ATMEGA16芯片作微控制器,来完成数据的采集、处理判断、数据的显示和传输等一系列功能作了重点的阐述和分析.针对目前大多数设备不具备数据传输这一特性,重点对RS485总线方式作了阐述,并采用了RBF神经网络的方法对温度进行了补偿,提高了测量精度,达到了理想的效果.     

Effect of variation in gas distribution on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines

In order to investigate the effect of variation in the distribution of gas on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines, experiments were carried out in two different channels with variation in gas concentration and geometry. Flame and pressure transducers were used to track the explosion front velocity. The flame speed (Sf) showed a slight downward trend while the methane concentration varied from 10% to 3% in the experimental channel. The peak overpressure (Pmax) dropped dramatically when com-pared with normal conditions. As well, the values of Pmax and Sf decreased when the methane concentration dropped from 8% to 6%. The flame speed in the channel, connected to a cylinder with a length varying from 0.5 to 2 m, was greater than that in the normal channel. The peak overpressure was also higher than that under normal conditions because of a higher flame speed and stronger pressure piling up. The values of Pmax and Sf increased with an increase in cylinder length. The research results indicate that damage caused by explosions can be reduced by decreasing the gas concentration, which should be immediately detected in roadways with large cross-sections because of the possibility of greater destruction caused by more serious explosions.     

Explosion limits for combustible gases

Combustible gases in coal mines are composed of methane, hydrogen, some multi-carbon alkane gases and other gases. Based on a numerical calculation, the explosion limits of combustible gases were studied, showing that these limits are related to the concentrations of different components in the mixture. With an increase of C4H10 and C6H14, the Lower ExplosionLimit (LEL) and Upper Explosion-Limit (UEL) of a combustible gas mixture will decrease clearly. For every 0.1% increase in C4H10 and C6H14, the LEL decreases by about 0.19% and the UEL by about 0.3%. The results also prove that, by increasing the amount of H2, the UEL of a combustible gas mixture will increase considerably. If the level of H2 increases by 0.1%, the UEL will increase by about 0.3%. However, H2 has only a small effect on the LEL of the combustible gas mixture. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for judging the explosion risk of an explosive gas mixture in mines.     

羟基磷灰石生物材料的第一原理计算

通过密度泛函理论计算来研究原子尺度羟基磷灰石晶体结构和电子结构.结果表明,羟基磷灰石为P63空间群六方单胞,点阵参数为a=0.9302nm、b=0.9303nm、c=0.6770nm,α=90°、β=90°、γ=120°.单胞总态密度主要是由各原子s,p,d电子态组成,费米能级主要是氧的2p4轨道的贡献,表明单胞结构中氧的2p电子最活泼.将优化后结构的衍射图谱和实验衍射图谱进行了比较,匹配较好.     

多维Fuzzing技术综述*

Fuzzing技术是一项有效的动态漏洞挖掘技术,但是当前对多维Fuzzing技术的研究还不多见。把多维Fuzzing技术面临的问题归纳为组合爆炸、覆盖脆弱语句和触发潜在漏洞三个问题,对存在的多种多维Fuzzing技术进行了研究和比较,并总结出多维Fuzzing技术的三个基本步骤：定位脆弱语句、查找影响脆弱语句的输入元素和多维Fuzzing测试挖掘脆弱语句中的漏洞。最后,给出了多维Fuzzing技术的进一步发展方向。     

Methane absorption and application of mixed organic aggregate prepared from Span80 and alkaline salt

The water-based materials for mine gas absorption and explosion suppression were prepared, in which the mixed organic aggregate of Span80 and alkaline salt can be used as methane absorbent. Methane was used as a model of mine gas, and the absorptions of methane with different complex materials were studied using head space gas chromatography. Then the state of aqueous material was characterized with laser light scattering instrument and the effects of different complex materials on explosion suppression were preliminarily studied in explosion chamber which can simulate mine gas explosion. The research results showed that complex material could absorb methane and there was some correlation between the mean diameter of organic aggregate in aqueous material and the absorption effect. Additionally, the aqueous material could suppress the methane explosion to some degree. The material can absorb mine gas in atomization condition, therefore, degrease mine gas concentration and influence the distribution of mine gas in the space, and then suppress the mine gas explosion to some extent.