基于深度学习的相对地质时间体估计方法

常规自动解释方法难以正确追踪三维地震数据体中被断层错断的地震反射层位。为此,提出了基于深度学习的相对地质时间体估计方法。首先,针对相对地质时间体估计需求,设计一个由编码器—解码器框架组成的相对地质时间体估计网络;其次,采用结构相似性准则为损失函数,利用生成的准确标注合成训练数据集对相对地质时间体估计网络进行训练,使其具备准确地从地震数据体中估计相对地质时间体的能力;最后,通过提取多个恒定的相对地质时间体等值面实现多个地震反射层位的自动追踪。测试结果表明,该方法不仅在验证数据集上显示出优异性能,而且在实际地震数据体上也获得了较好效果;利用估计的相对地质时间体能够一次性获得多个能够表征地层空间形态的地震反射层位。     

近钻头旋扭冲击器结构设计与试验

PDC钻头在深井高硬度、研磨性较强的地层钻进时会出现蹩钻、跳钻现象,从而导致钻头机械钻速低、进尺少、经济效益差等问题。为提高钻头机械钻速,克服深井高硬地层普遍存在的粘滑现象,开展了近钻头旋扭冲击器设计研究工作。结合流体力学对工具进行结构优化设计,通过建立三维模型,运用模拟软件对工具结构流场进行有限元仿真分析,确定了工具结构参数。试制样机开展室内及现场的性能测试,样机各项功能正常,达到设计指标,满足现场应用要求。可为后期现场应用及工具的进一步优化改进提供借鉴。     

海上风电单桩基础服役状态现场监测

为了解风电结构在复杂环境中的真实服役状态,对2个风电单桩基础机位先后开展结构振动监测和水下地形扫测,通过分析现场实测数据,分析包含振动特性和冲刷情况在内的风机支撑结构服役状态,并结合设计数据对实测结果进行讨论。现场测试分析结果可为海上风电结构的服役状态监测和设计优化研究提供参考。     

基于ARID控制系统的固定式海洋风机纵摇控制

针对固定式海洋风机在随机风浪载荷及其联合作用下产生的具有倒立摆运动特征的纵摇,研究采用主动转动惯量驱动系统(Active Rotary Inertia Driver, ARID)对海洋风机纵摇进行控制的问题。ARID控制系统通过伺服电机驱动转动惯性质量产生控制结构摆动的最优力矩,从而减小海洋风机的纵摇运动。基于拉格朗日原理建立海洋风机-ARID控制系统的理论分析模型;采用Simulink对海洋风机-ARID控制系统的有效性进行验证,并分析系统参数(控制算法参数、转动惯量比等)对控制效果的影响规律;设计海洋风机-ARID控制系统的振动台试验,设置多种载荷激励形式,验证控制系统的稳定性与广谱有效性。数值模拟和试验结果均验证了所建立的分析模型的正确性,表明ARID控制系统对风机的纵摇运动具有显著的控制作用,为ARID控制系统在具有倒立摆运动规律的工程结构中的应用奠定理论基础。     

冷轧工作辊摩擦不稳定分析及其抑制对策

对冷轧机工作辊由于摩擦力引起的垂直、横向振动作了定性分析，指出了它们的危害，提出了预防措施。     

溪洛渡电厂18F机组启动试运行试验研究

总结了溪洛渡右岸18F机启动试运行试验。检验了厂家的保证值,划分了18F机在全负荷范围的稳定运行区域,并找出了各运行区域振动的主要频率。试验成果有助于溪洛渡东电机组及电网的安全运行。     

Modal analysis of human body vibration model for Indian subjects under sitting posture

Need and importance of modelling in human body vibration research studies are well established. The study of biodynamic responses of human beings can be classified into experimental and analytical methods. In the past few decades, plenty of mathematical models have been developed based on the diverse field measurements to describe the biodynamic responses of human beings. In this paper, a complete study on lumped parameter model derived from 50th percentile anthropometric data for a seated 54- kg Indian male subject without backrest support under free un-damped conditions has been carried out considering human body segments to be of ellipsoidal shape. Conventional lumped parameter modelling considers the human body as several rigid masses interconnected by springs and dampers. In this study, concept of mass of interconnecting springs has been incorporated and eigenvalues thus obtained are found to be closer to the values reported in the literature. Results obtained clearly establish decoupling of vertical and fore-and-aft oscillations.     

Whole-body vibration exposure in sport: four relevant cases

This study investigates the whole-body vibration exposure in kite surfing, alpine skiing, snowboarding and cycling. The vibration exposure was experimentally evaluated following the ISO 2631 guidelines. Results evidenced that the most critical axis is the vertical one. The weighted vibration levels are always larger than 2.5 m/s² and the vibration dose values are larger than 25 m/s^1.75. The exposure limit values of the EU directive are reached after 8–37 min depending on the sport. The vibration magnitude is influenced by the athletes’ speed, by their skill level and sometimes by the equipment. The large vibration values suggest that the practice of sport activities may be a confounding factor in the aetiology of vibration-related diseases.     

Predicting and controlling risks from human exposures to vibration and mechanical shock: flag waving and flag weaving

At work or in leisure activities, many people are exposed to vibration or mechanical shocks associated with risks of injury or disease. This paper identifies information that can be used to decide whether there may be a risk from exposure to hand-transmitted vibration or whole-body vibration and shock, and suggests actions that can control the risks. The complex and time-varying nature of human exposures to vibration and shock, the complexity of the different disorders and uncertainty as to the mechanisms of injury and the factors influencing injury have prevented the definition of dose–response relationships well proven by scientific study. It is necessary to wave a flag indicating when there is a need to control risks from exposure to vibration and shock while scientific enquiry provides understanding needed to weave a better flag. It is concluded that quantifying exposure severity is often neither necessary nor sufficient to either identify risks or implement measures that control the risks.Practitioner Summary: The identification of risks associated with exposure to vibration and mechanical shock cannot, and need not, rely solely on the quantification of exposure severity. Qualitative methods can provide a sufficient indication of the need for control measures, which should not be restricted to reducing standardised measures of exposure severity.     

Retrofitting of pedestrian overpass by Truss-Z modular systems using graph-theory approach

Installing pedestrian ramps is a common improvement towards a barrier-free environment. This paper introduces a graph-theoretical method of retrofitting of a single-branch Truss-Z (TZ) ramp in a constrained environment. The results produced by this exhaustive search method are usually ideal and better than those produced previously with meta-heuristic methods.A large case study of linking two sections of the Hongo Campus of Tokyo University using an overpass in an extremely constrained environment is presented. TZ modules with 1:12 (8.3%) slope are used, which is allowable in most countries for ramps for self-powered wheelchairs.The results presented here are highly satisfactory both in terms of structural optimization and aesthetics.Visualizations of the TZ ramp system, composed of 124 units, are presented.