Novel fixed‐carrier membranes for CO2 separation

A new membrane material having two kinds of CO₂ carriers was obtained. Composite membranes were prepared with the material and support membranes. The facilitated transport of CO₂ through these membranes was performed with pure CH₄ and CO₂ as well as CH₄/CO₂ mixtures containing 50 vol % CO₂. The results show that the membranes possess better CO₂ permeance than that of other fixed carrier membranes reported in the literature. In the measurements with pure gases, at 26°C, 0.013 atm of CO₂ pressure, the membrane with polysulfone support displays a CO₂ permeance of 7.93 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivity of 212.1. In the measurements with mixed gases, at 26°C, 0.016 atm of CO₂ partial pressure, the membrane displays a CO₂ permeance of 1.69 × 10^?4 cm³ /cm² s cmHg and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 48.1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2222–2226, 2002     

Manipulation of gasification coal feed in order to increase the ash fusion temperature of the coal enabling the gasifiers to operate at higher temperatures

Coal is a crucial feedstock for South Africa’s unique synfuels and petrochemicals industry and used by Sasol as a feedstock to produce synthesis gas via the Sasol-Lurgi Fixed Bed Dry Bottom (FBDB) gasification process. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) gives detail information on the suitability of a coal source for gasification purposes, and specifically to which extent ash agglomeration or clinkering is likely to occur within the gasifier. Ash clinkering inside the gasifier can cause channel burning and unstable operation.Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers are currently operated with the philosophy of adding an excess of steam to the process to control the H₂/CO ratio of the syngas produced, but indirectly also to control the maximum gasifier temperature below the AFT of the coal. An opportunity exists to increase the AFT of the coal fed to the gasifiers by adding AFT increasing minerals to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. For the aim of this study a South African coal source was investigated, as being used by the gasification operations in Secunda.With the specific aim of this study, to increase the AFT, the determination of the AFT of the coal blends where acidic components such as silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) were added was conducted. The Al₂O₃ had the biggest and most significant effect on the AFT with the least addition to the coal blend. The effect of SiO₂ and TiO₂ were very similar, but the effect was much smaller and further Al₂O₃ was needed to increase the AFT to a similar AFT level in comparison to the SiO₂ used. Kaolinite, roof and floor components (containing mainly Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) were also added, also showing an increase in the AFT with up to 4 mass% addition. Another observation was that the AFT was non-additive (not a linear weighted calculated average) and not the weighted average AFT as was expected for the other coal properties such as the ash content, for example. The ash slagging characteristics is a non-additive property of individual coal sources in the blend and therefore difficult to predict.In general it can be concluded that the unique opportunity exists to increase the AFT, was tested, proven and mechanistically outlined in this study on the coal source fed to the Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers. The AFT can be increased to >1350 °C by adding AFT increasing minerals or species to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. By increasing the AFT, the direct effect will be that steam consumption can be decreased, which in turn will improve carbon utilization.     

Fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued BAM neural networks with time delays

In this paper, the fixed‐time synchronization for complex‐valued bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with time delays is studied. Based on the fixed‐time stability, the Lyapunov functional method and some inequality techniques, a new criterion is presented to guarantee that the addressed systems achieve synchronization in fixed time and a more accurate estimation independent of the initial conditions is given for the settling time. Meanwhile, a new nonlinear delayed controller different from the existing ones is designed. In the end, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained result.     

适用于飞行自组网的闲置时隙预约TDMA协议

在飞行自组网中,固定时隙分配时分多址接入（TDMA）协议存在闲置时隙无法成功使用的问题。通过对TDMA协议引入闲置时隙预约机制,提出一种支持业务优先级传输机制的闲置时隙预约TDMA协议。采用短帧长的方式满足协同与控制业务的低时延传输需求,并利用闲置时隙预约机制允许节点使用闲置时隙传输感知业务,从而满足感知业务的高吞吐量传输性能要求。仿真结果表明,与CF-MAC和CTMAC协议相比,该协议能够在降低传输时延的同时,有效提高信道利用率和网络吞吐量。     

不同温度条件下水工沥青混凝土抗压特性及防渗性能试验研究

为研究水工沥青混凝土在不同温度条件下的力学特性和经荷载作用后的防渗性能,在-30℃～30℃条件下对其进行了抗压试验研究,并对荷载和温度作用后的试件进行了渗透试验分析。试验结果表明:温度对水工沥青混凝土的应力-应变全曲线、抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值应变以及破坏模式等力学特性有显著影响。对比水工沥青混凝土在-30℃～30℃条件下应力-应变全曲线特点,可推断-10℃～0℃为其应力-应变特性变化的过渡温度区间。水工沥青混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量随温度的升高而降低,峰值应变随温度的升高而增大。基于试验结果,本文提出的经验公式较好地反映了抗压强度、弹性模量以及峰值应变随温度变化的规律。在-30℃～0℃条件下,水工沥青混凝土的破坏模式主要为骨料开裂和沥青胶浆与骨料的黏结破坏;在10℃～30℃条件下,破坏模式主要为黏结破坏。此外,水工沥青混凝土经荷载作用后的防渗性能与温度环境有关。在10℃～30℃温度环境中,水工沥青混凝土承受7%的轴向压应变后,其渗透系数仍在10-7～10-6cm/s量级,防渗性能良好。     

钢管混凝土拱抗冲击影响因素

为研究钢管混凝土拱的抗冲击力学性能,在试验结果验证的基础上,采用有限元分析方法,研究了集中冲击荷载作用下矢跨比、混凝土强度等级、钢材屈服强度和冲击质量4个因素对钢管混凝土拱抗冲击力学性能的影响.计算结果表明:相同冲击能量下,钢管混凝土拱存在着一个矢跨比阈值f,当试件矢跨比大于f时,试件的抗冲击性能基本相同;与钢管混凝土梁、柱类似,增大混凝土强度对提高试件的抗冲击性能影响不明显,而增大钢材屈服强度可以使试件的抗冲击性能明显改善;随着冲击质量增加,试件的冲击力峰值变化不大,挠度变大,冲击持续时间变长,冲击质量与跨中挠度成线性关系.     

外钳式管道坡口机定圈的有限元分析及结构优化

外钳式管道切割坡口机是油气集输与抢险作业的重要设备,而定圈是外钳式管道切割坡口机的核心部件,其截面形状及大小是影响外钳式管道坡口机可靠性和便携性的关键因素。为此,采用现代设计手段,建立了定圈的三维计算模型,并按照设备在工作中的受力情况进行有限元分析,对不同截面形状和面积的定圈进行结构对照优化。结果表明:合理的定圈截面形状不仅可有效提高定圈的刚度,增加设备的可靠性,同时还能减小定圈重量,提高携带性能。     

一类随机积分-微分方程的均方渐近概周期解

随机微分方程是在解决某些具有随机现象建立起来的一类方程,其中随机微分方程的均方渐近概周期解相比于均方概周期解应用更加广泛.为了研究均方渐近概周期过程在随机微分方程中的应用,利用均方渐近概周期函数的相关性质以及Banach不动点原理讨论了一类随机积分-微分方程均方渐近概周期解的存在性和唯一性.     

双势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统不动点分析

在准经典理论下,研究双势阱中的两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的动力学属性。利用平均场近似写出该量子系统的经典哈密顿量,通过数值及线性化分析,找到系统的对称型、反对称型、各向同性型及非对称型共四类不动点。分别讨论两种特殊模式下的不动点数目的变化情况和稳定性,发现两种模式出现不动点数目的上下限,且两种模式下不动点的稳定性与对应系数矩的阵特征值有关。     

锥度量空间中四个自映射的公共不动点定理

在完备的锥度量空间中讨论了4个自映射的公共不动点定理,其存在性和唯一性得到证明。所得主要结果将锥度量空间中的公共不动点定理进行了推广。