三种预处理法对酶解产大豆异黄酮苷元的影响

以市售大豆异黄酮粉为样品,采用炒制、微波、烘箱加热法对其进行预处理,研究其对酶解大豆异黄酮转化大豆异黄酮苷元含量的影响。结果表明:炒制效果明显好于烘箱和微波法(p<0.05),炒制后大豆异黄酮苷元含量比烘箱、微波处理后分别增加1.238、1.240 mg/g。再运用单因素、响应曲面法对炒制条件进行优化,得到最优条件为:炒制时间103 s,炒制温度137℃,物料量13 g,此时大豆异黄酮苷元含量和转化率为13.33 mg/g、72.23%。      

响应面法优化牛骨制备骨多肽工艺的研究

以牛骨为原料,利用蛋白酶对牛骨水解进行单因素实验,在单因素基础上,根据中心组合实验设计原理运用响应面法,以水解度和多肽得率为响应值,得到最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间3.45 h,加酶量10500 U/g,底物浓度12%,温度45℃,p H7.5,此参数下水解度(DH)为14.29%,多肽得率69.76%,接近响应面预测值。结果表明,酶水解牛骨可以有效分解骨蛋白产生短链肽类,对牛骨蛋白利用以及开发活性肽有十分重要意义,为牛骨资源的精深加工提供实验依据。      

乳酸杆菌的表面特性及其黏附能力的研究

乳酸杆菌是肠道益生菌,主要通过其表面的黏附因子定殖于肠道而发挥益生作用。为了研究乳酸杆菌表面性质与黏附能力之间的关系,选择五种乳酸杆菌,分别进行自聚集能力、表面疏水性及与致病菌大肠杆菌ATCC25922和枯草芽孢杆菌K的共聚能力测定。同时,利用氯化锂和高碘酸钠分别处理乳酸杆菌后再与致病菌进行共聚作用,研究乳酸杆菌表面参与黏附的活性物质。结果表明,约氏乳酸杆菌F0421和副干酪乳酸杆菌M5-L具有良好的表面性质和黏附特性。乳酸杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌K的共聚作用较好。同时,氯化锂和高碘酸钠处理前后,乳酸杆菌对致病菌的聚集能力有所下降,表明菌株表面蛋白及多糖参与了黏附过程。      

响应面优化超声波提取油松花粉多酚的工艺研究

研究了油松花粉多酚的超声波辅助提取工艺。在单因素实验结果的基础之上,通过Plackett-Burman筛选,确定出提取温度、料液比和提取时间为显著影响因子,选用3因素3水平的响应面分析法来优化油松花粉多酚的提取工艺。依据数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定影响油松花粉总酚得率的重要因素为提取时间和料液比,得出油松花粉多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%、料液比1∶32 g/m L、提取时间为31 min、提取温度为51℃,在此工艺下总酚含量可达6.735 mg/g。实验结果显示,超声波辅助提取有效地优化了油松花粉多酚的提取条件,为其开发利用提供了理论支持。      

维科天然生物制剂对干酪乳杆菌生长影响的初探

利用植物资源开发新的培养方法来促进干酪乳杆菌的生长。在单因素优化实验的基础上,采用响应面实验设计,首次对能缓解环境污染的维科（WIC）天然生物制剂影响干酪乳杆菌生长的条件进行初步优化。结果表明,维科天然生物制剂可以促进干酪乳杆菌的生长。经过响应面分析得到的最优促生长条件为:温度39.51℃,培养基起始p H6.16,接种量1.34%,最适维科制剂培养浓度12.56 mg/m L,干酪乳杆菌的实际OD_610nm值达2.227,菌落总数为7.3×10⁹CFU/m L。本研究给该天然生物制剂应用提供了理论依据。      

The Impact of the Azo-Chromophore Sort on the Features of the Supramolecular Azopolyimide Films Desired to Be Used as Substrates for Flexible Electronics

High-performance supramolecular polyimide systems were synthesized via a simple and innovative approach using two types of azo-chromophores, leading to concomitant special properties: high thermostability, the ability to be processed in the form of films with high flexibility, adequate morphological features, and good structuring capacity via phase mask ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation, induced by the presence of the azo groups (–N=N–). The dimension and the anisotropy degree of the micro/nano patterns obtained on the surface of the flexible films (determined by atomic force microscopy) depend on the azo-dye type used in the supramolecular azopolyimide synthesis, which were higher when the azo-chromophore containing a –cyano group (–C≡N) was used. The molecular dynamics method, an excellent tool for an in-depth examination of the intermolecular interactions, was used to explain the morphological aspects. Energetic, dynamic and structural parameters were calculated for the two systems containing azo-chromophores, as well as for the pristine polymer system. It was highlighted that the van der Waals forces make a major contribution to the intermolecular interactions. The results from the combination of the dynamic analysis and the concentration profile explain the better mobility of the polyimide chains with a maximum content of azo groups in the cis configuration compared to the other systems. Taking all these data into account, the surfaces of the films can be tuned as required for the proposed applications, namely as substrates for flexible electronis.     

DNA Penetration into a Lysozyme Layer at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions

The interactions of DNA with lysozyme in the surface layer were studied by performing infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), ellipsometry, surface tensiometry, surface dilational rheology, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A concentrated DNA solution was injected into an aqueous subphase underneath a spread lysozyme layer. While the optical properties of the surface layer changed fast after DNA injection, the dynamic dilational surface elasticity almost did not change, thereby indicating no continuous network formation of DNA/lysozyme complexes, unlike the case of DNA interactions with a monolayer of a cationic synthetic polyelectrolyte. A relatively fast increase in optical signals after a DNA injection under a lysozyme layer indicates that DNA penetration is controlled by diffusion. At low surface pressures, the AFM images show the formation of long strands in the surface layer. Increased surface compression does not lead to the formation of a network of DNA/lysozyme aggregates as in the case of a mixed layer of DNA and synthetic polyelectrolytes, but to the appearance of some folds and ridges in the layer. The formation of more disordered aggregates is presumably a consequence of weaker interactions of lysozyme with duplex DNA and the stabilization, at the same time, of loops of unpaired nucleotides at high local lysozyme concentrations in the surface layer.     

温度对煤吸附瓦斯的动力学特性影响实验研究

为了探究温度对中等程度焦煤中甲烷的吸附解吸特征的影响规律,采用等温吸附实验和甲烷解吸实验分析煤样在不同温度下的变化情况,结合Langmuir模型、等量吸附热、煤表面自由能和解吸量模型对所得实验数据进行分析。结果表明：随着温度的升高,甲烷吸附量及Langmuir吸附常数a、b均呈现下降的趋势;煤的吸附是放热过程,伴随着甲烷吸附量的增大等量吸附热随之增加;温度会导致煤表面自由能改变,温度升高煤表面自由能变化值减小,表现为甲烷吸附量减少;解吸曲线具有明显的Langmuir特征,温度升高会促进甲烷解吸,且最初10 min中的解吸速率增速较快。

     

基于热流场仿真的井状通路暖气垫的结构优化

路面结冰易于导致交通事故的发生,因此提出一种路面暖气垫融冰法。为了获得最佳的融冰效果,以固定体积暖气垫为研究对象,将暖气垫工作表面的融冰速率和融冰均匀度作为评估指标,以暖气垫长度、厚度和通路间距为优化参数,通过热流场仿真分析,采用均匀设计响应面法得到优化目标与结构参数间的函数关系,运用遗传算法进行多目标优化得到非劣解集,采用理想点法TOPSIS从中选出最优解,得出结论:当通路直径取20 mm时,最佳参数组合为通路间距48 mm、暖气垫厚度68 mm,横向边长可根据工程应用确定。