Optimal design of butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor using finite element method and response surface methodology

A new method for optimizing a butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor was proposed to maximize its mechanical output. The finite element analysis technology and response surface methodology were combined together to realize the optimal design of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor. First, the operation principle of the motor was introduced. Second, the finite element parameterized model of the stator of the motor was built using ANSYS parametric design language and some structure parameters of the stator were selected as design variables. Third, the sample points were selected in design variable space using latin hypercube Design. Through modal analysis and harmonic response analysis of the stator based on these sample points, the target responses were obtained. These sample points and response values were combined together to build a response surface model. Finally, the simplex method was used to find the optimal solution. The experimental results showed that many aspects of the design requirements of the butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor have been fulfilled. The prototype motor fabricated based on the optimal design result exhibited considerably high dynamic performance, such as no-load speed of 873 mm/s, maximal thrust of 27.5 N, maximal efficiency of 43%, and thrust-weight ratio of 45.8.     

CMC在珠光颜料涂布纸中的应用试验

对添加羧甲基纤维素钠改善水性珠光涂布纸云母系列珠光涂料的性质做了初步研究．试验结果表明，羧甲基纤维素钠不仅能改善涂料的稳定性，提高涂层的表面拉毛强度，还能起到辅助胶粘剂的作用．通过优化试验得到了较理想的羧甲基纤维素钠配比．     

Stochastic Models for Pad Structure and Pad Conditioning Used in Chemical-Mechanical Polishing

Stochastic models are presented for the structure and conditioning of pads used in chemical-mechanical polishing of wafers. First the one-dimensional distribution function of surface depth in the case of a conditioned solid pad is described. Then, for characterizing the structure of a foamed pad, the theory of random closed sets is applied. An important distributional characteristic of a random closed set, the linear contact distribution function, yields the contribution to surface depth resulting from pores. As a special example the Boolean model is considered. This leads to a formula that describes the variability of the surface of a conditioned foamed pad after a certain time. Simulations and experimental data show a good agreement between theory and reality.     

Material surface layer damage estimation for cyclic loading conditions using the nanoindenting and nanoscratching techniques

The nanoindenting method is based on the automatic measurement and recording of the force acting on the indenter (10⁻²-5 N) and the depth of indentation (10⁻²-200 μm). The scratch hardness or nanoscratching method is based on the continuous recording of resistance forces to movement of the indenter impressed into the surface. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 132–139, July–August, 2006.     

Coinage Metals in the Nanometer Length Scale

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-stabilized gold organosol in toluene has been prepared by using a two-phase (water-toluene) extraction of AuCl₄^- followed by its reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of the surfactant, CPC. The surfactant-stabilized gold nanoparticles were exploited to examine their optical properties when exposed to various solvent systems by measuring the changes in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum.     

Machinability of Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by 3-D Network Structure

Metal matrix composites reinforced by three-dimensional (3-D) continuous network structure reinforcement (3DCNRMMC) are difficult to machine due to serious tool wear and poor surface roughness caused by the brittle and hard reinforcement which interpenetrate into ductile matrix. In order to achieve the approach of low cost of 3DCNRMMC, the machinability of it needs to be understood. The influences of three cutting parameters and volume fraction of reinforcement on cutting force were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that: (1) Due to the brittle phase(s) introduced into ductile matrix of composites, there is a large fluctuation of cutting force causing deterioration of machinability. The fluctuation ranges of cutting forces, initially increase rapidly with the increase of volume fraction of reinforcement and then decrease finally, are largest at the range of the volume fraction of 55–65%; (2) The influence of cutting parameters on cutting force is obvious. With the increases of cutting speed, cutting force decreases gradually unless cutting speed exceeds the value of 209 m/min. Cutting forces increase with increasing feed rate and depth of cut; (3) Owing to the large fluctuation of cutting force, there were some cratered surfaces caused by Si₃N₄ reinforcement pulling-out and flaking-off. Some brittle phase protruding from the machined surface caused the deterioration of machined surface.     

The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography

This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method (J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) (J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surface Movement Regularity of Super-Wide Mining Face With Top-Coal Caving

No.4326 super-wide panel of Wangzhuang Coal Mine ( in which the fully-mechanized top-coal caving longwall mining method was used) was monitored for dynamic characteristic of surface movement. The dynamic surface movement in and after mining was predicted by using the Mining Subsidence Prediction System. The results indicate that after mining, the surface above the super-wide panel reaches a state of full subsidence, making the No.309 national highway above the panel be located on the flat bottom of the subsidence basin so that the influence of mining activity in both sides of 4326 panel on the national highway is the smallest.     

Estimating surface evapotranspiration using combined MODIS and CBERS-02 data

Land surface evapotranspiration is one of the most important components in water cycle between earth and atmosphere, and plays a very important role in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere of the planet. It is an urgent task to understand the evapotranspiration process over different surface types and conditions in agriculture, hydrogeology, forest, and ecology for the purpose of using water resources properly. Additionally, land surface evapotranspiration is a key parameter in the synop…     

Effects of La(NO_3)_3 Treatment on Photocattalytic Activity of TiO_2 Films Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation

Effects of La(NO_3)_3 Treatment on Photocattalytic Activity of TiO_2 Films Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation