Herd life,lifetime production,and profitability of Viking Red-sired and Montbéliarde-sired crossbred cows compared with their Holstein herdmates

The first 2 generations from a 3-breed rotation of the Viking Red (VR), Montbéliarde (MO), and Holstein (HO) breeds were compared with their HO herdmates in high-performance commercial herds in Minnesota. The designed study enrolled pure HO females in 2008 to initiate a comparison of 3-breed rotational crossbreds with their HO herdmates. Sires of cows were proven artificial insemination bulls selected for high genetic merit in each of the 3 breeds. The first-generation cows calved for a first time from 2010 to 2014 and had 376 VR × HO and 358 MO × HO crossbreds to compare with their 640 HO herdmates. The second-generation cows calved for a first time from 2012 to 2014 and had 109 VR × MO/HO and 117 MO × VR/HO crossbreds to compare with their 250 HO herdmates. Collection of data ceased on December 31, 2017, and all cows studied had the opportunity for 45 mo in the herd after first calving. Production of milk, fat, and protein (kg) during lifetimes of cows was estimated from test-day observations with best prediction. The lifetime profit function included revenue and cost. Revenue was from production, calves, and slaughter of cull cows. Costs included feed cost during lactation, lactating overhead cost, dry cow cost (including feed cost during dry periods), replacement cost, health treatment cost, insemination cost, fertility hormone cost, pregnancy diagnosis cost, hoof trimming cost, and carcass disposal cost. For individual cows with herd life longer than 45 mo after first calving, survival of cows was projected beyond 45 mo after first calving to estimate herd life, production, and profitability. The 2-breed crossbreds had +158 d longer herd life and the 3-breed crossbreds had +147 d longer herd life compared with their respective HO herdmates. Also, 12.4% of the 2-breed crossbreds died up to 45 mo after first calving compared with 16.3% of their HO herdmates. Furthermore, approximately 29% of both the 2-breed and 3-breed crossbreds lived beyond 45 mo after first calving compared with approximately 18% of their respective HO herdmates. On a lifetime basis, the 2-breed and 3-breed crossbreds provided +$122 and +$134, respectively, more cull cow revenue compared with their HO herdmates. For lifetime replacement cost, the 2-breed crossbreds did not differ from their HO herdmates; however, the 3-breed crossbreds had ?$28 less lifetime replacement cost compared with their HO herdmates because of their younger age at first calving. The combined 2-breed crossbreds had +$0.473 (+13%) more daily profit (ignoring potential differences for feed efficiency) and the combined 3-breed crossbreds had +$0.342 (+9%) more daily profit compared with their respective HO herdmates. This resulted in +$173 more profit/cow annually for the combined 2-breed crossbreds and +$125 more profit/cow annually for the combined 3-breed crossbreds compared with their respective HO herdmates.     

Optimal inspection for randomly triggered hidden deterioration processes

This paper deals with degradation processes whose onset is triggered at a random time and which stay hidden until they are discovered through inspection or when they begin to show symptoms. This is applicable in many healthcare and industrial scenarios, for example, in the modeling of breast cancer or termite infestation. In our model, we assume that symptoms appear after hitting a random critical threshold and that inspections may have a sensitivity less than one as well as a nonzero false positive rate. The expected cost of repair is derived, and the inspection rate is optimized for a cycle (which lasts from degradation-free to repaired state). This gives results for three cases: the first is for a finite observation period with no degradation recurrence, the second for infinite time horizon allowing recurrence. In the third case, we derive an upper bound for the expected cost in a given constant time period. Finally, the model is applied to determine the optimal strategy for breast cancer screening with regard to the effects of different parametrizations.     

Optimizing PSMA Radioligand Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of the review was to evaluate patient and treatment characteristics for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT) associated with above-average outcome. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed recommendations by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched for publications in PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 31 September 2020. Thirty-six publications and four duplicates reported 2346 patients. Nearly two-thirds of the patients had bone metastases. Median overall survival (OS) was 16 months. Asymptomatic patients and patients with only lymph node metastases lived longer than symptomatic patients and patients with more extensive metastases. Patients treated with an intensified schedule of ¹⁷⁷Lu PRLT lived longer than those treated with a conventional schedule. Half of the patients obtained a PSA decline ≥ 50% and these patients lived longer than those with less PSA decline. Approximately 10% of the patients developed hematologic toxicity with anemia grade 3 as the most severe adverse effect. Characteristics for patients, cancer, restaging, and PRLT predict above average overall survival following treatment with PRLT.     

What factors determine the survival of green innovative enterprises in China? -- A method based on fsQCA

Increasingly serious environmental problems have generated a large number of small and medium-sized green innovative enterprises. Against the background of rapid technological changes and increasingly fierce market competition, survival is the main problem faced by these enterprises. Exploring the mechanisms and core elements that determine the survival of green innovation enterprises is of great practical significance for improving the survival probability of green innovation enterprises and achieving environmental improvement through green innovation.In this paper, twenty-nine enterprises that have won the title of “Top 10 Green Innovative Enterprises” in China are considered the research objects, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to examine the path combinations that affect the survival of enterprises from the perspectives of resource-based and dynamic capabilities. The findings are as follows. First, government support is key to the survival of green innovative enterprises; second, China's green innovative enterprises have a research and development dilemma, and only matching high R&D capacity with product competitiveness can enhance their survival capabilities; and third, the lack of resource base capacity is the key factor affecting the failure of green enterprises, and dynamic capacity is the key factor for the survival of green innovative enterprises. The main contribution of this paper to the field of management is that enterprises must always pay attention to the coordinated development of internal resource-based capability and external dynamic capability. Conversely, the Chinese government should provide high R&D support to enterprises with competitive products so that these enterprises can rapidly grow into leading enterprises through continuous innovation and drive the sustained and rapid development of China's green innovation industry.     

动荷载作用下山区道路边坡耐久性研究

借助威布尔分布函数描述岩坡微元发生破坏前后的存活率,结合损伤力学理论和有限元强度折减法,建立存活率、稳定系数和累积损伤因子的内在联系,实现山区道路边坡在全生命周期内的阶段式预警。结果表明:边坡疲劳稳定系数随疲劳寿命的消耗而降低,具有初期变化敏感、中间缓慢过渡和后期迅速下降的特点,边坡存活率随着剩余寿命和安全系数的减小而减小;边坡全生命周期内的阶段式预警可分为初始蠕变、稳态发展、快速发展、滑动破坏4个阶段,边坡的稳定系数、存活率和道路运营年限均随变形的发展逐渐减小,直至失稳破坏。提出耐久性因子,评价道路边坡在其全生命周期内的耐久性,边坡工程设计中应通过不断调整抗疲劳措施,使其处于稳态发展阶段。研究成果可为边坡工程的安全性与耐久性评价提供有意义的参考。     

基于纵向-生存联合模型的游戏行会生存预测

行会生存对提高游戏用户的活跃度和留存率有着积极的作用。目前行会生存分析方法是使用分类法,即把行会是否生存看作一个二分类问题来处理,其未能充分利用行会纵向数据,不能及时反映行会的状态变化和生存趋势。采用纵向-生存联合模型,充分利用游戏行会纵向的状态变化特征和成员行为特征,预测行会的生存状态。实验表明,纵向-生存联合模型相比传统的Cox比例风险模型,综合性能提高了56.6%,相比分类算法提高了预测性能,如逻辑回归提高了11.9%。实验中发现：成员权利等级标准差对行会生存呈现了正向的影响,说明了行会内成员权利等级有着良好的分布对行会的生存有着重要作用;成员私聊次数标准差和成员PK次数标准差对行会生存有着积极的影响,说明行会成员行为差异性的重要性;生存时间对行会有着负向的影响,即行业已生存时间越长,越不利于行会的生存。     

Establishment of a Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma

Accumulating evidence indicates that the reliable gene signature may serve as an independent prognosis factor for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) diagnosis. Here, we sought to identify a risk score signature for survival prediction of LUAD patients. In the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE18842","term_id":"18842"}}GSE18842, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE75037","term_id":"75037"}}GSE75037, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE101929","term_id":"101929"}}GSE101929, and {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE19188","term_id":"19188"}}GSE19188 mRNA expression profiles were downloaded to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were used to establish a protein-protein interaction network and perform clustering module analysis. Univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to develop and validate the gene signature based on the TCGA dataset. The signature genes were then verified on GEPIA, Oncomine, and HPA platforms. Expression levels of corresponding genes were also measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in HBE, A549, and PC-9 cell lines. The prognostic signature based on eight genes (TTK, HMMR, ASPM, CDCA8, KIF2C, CCNA2, CCNB2, and MKI67) was established, which was independent of other clinical factors. The risk model offered better discrimination between risk groups, and patients with high-risk scores tended to have poor survival rate at 1-, 3- and 5-year follow-up. The model also presented better survival prediction in cancer-specific cohorts of age, gender, clinical stage III/IV, primary tumor 1/2, and lymph node metastasis 1/2. The signature genes, moreover, were highly expressed in A549 and PC-9 cells. In conclusion, the risk score signature could be used for prognostic estimation and as an independent risk factor for survival prediction in patients with LUAD.     

条件copula的相关性质

研究条件copula的相关性质,给出生存条件copula的概念研究了它的性质及和条件copula的联系,并研究了几种条件copula之间的关系,为利用条件copula描述条件随机变量的相关性并研究其相关性质提供了方便,最后提出可以进一步讨论的几个问题.     

“生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题”——评笛福小说主人公的生存意识

在英国文学史上,丹尼尔.笛福作为现代小说的先驱是个不争的事实,《鲁滨逊漂流记》的发表标志着小说创作的开始。笛福的小说创作风格独树一帜,虽然后来批评家认为他的创作呆板、语言模糊、结构松散、缺乏色彩。尽管存在着缺点,但他能够从平淡无稽的语言中挖掘深意,善于把流浪冒险故事的叙述与意识形态说教结合起来,从而对人性进行剖析。他小说的一个重要主题是探讨人类生存意识,这个话题即便在今天也是具有重要讨论价值的。     

北京艺术家聚集空间初探

结合建筑专业的相关理论知识,从空间的角度对北京艺术家聚集的区域进行了分析,探讨了建筑空间与生存方式的关系,阐述了正确认识多样建筑空间的意义,对艺术区的发展具有一定的积极作用.