变分自编码器对甲基化缺失数据的填补

针对高通量测序技术因各种原因导致的DNA甲基化测序数据中包含部分缺失值的问题。提出一种基于变分自编码器的DNA甲基化缺失数据填补模型VAE-MethImp。VAE-MethImp是一种深度隐含空间生成模型,由编码层、隐含层和解码层组成,拥有强大的重构输入数据能力。编码层进行均值和方差的推断;隐含层是通过编码层输出的均值和方差计算出的输入数据的专属正态分布;解码层对隐含层包含的特征进行解码生成重构后的数据。通过在肺癌和乳腺癌上的填补实验证明,VAE-MethImp提取的特征更具信息性。在填补精度上,VAE-MethImp比对照方法（均值（Mean）、最近邻（KNN）、主成分分析（PCA）和奇异值分解（SVD））中最优的SVD提升了4.8%。生存分析实验结果显示VAE-MethImp填补的数据具有更好的预测性,同时也证明DNA甲基化与癌症的生存存在直接关联。     

深度学习在肺癌患者生存预测中的应用研究

肺癌是一种严重威胁患者生命的恶性肿瘤。通过对肺癌病人进行生存预测分析并制定针对性治疗方案,对提高病人生存率具有重要意义。提出一种基于病理学图像的肺癌患者生存预测分析方法。首先采用深度学习方法对病理学图片进行肺癌细胞自动检测,并对检测出的肺癌细胞进行特征提取。在特征选取中,引入了反映肺癌细胞间关系和分布特性的拓扑特征的提取方法,将提取的拓扑特征作为生存分析的预测因素。最后采用Cox-Lasso方法对肺癌患者进行生存预测分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高细胞检测的效率和准确性,并具有较高的肺癌患者生存预测分析能力。     

高校“城市生存训练”课程的设计

根据目前高校开展城市生存训练的实践研究,本文对在实践过程中面临的困惑进行了较深入的研究,并提出了高校开展城市生存训练的一些基本对策。     

高校新媒体艺术专业的生存语境及其应对

从事数码新媒体艺术的研究与学习,软件并不是终结者。人与机器的关系、人与社会的关系、人与生活的关系,乃至不同学科,不同技术之间的关系,只有通过学科文化这个特殊的载体,才能将机器、地域、人的精神与情感、文化与思想上升到进行自由的对话与融合这样一个境界,才能在不同的领域找到契合．点。文章从新媒体艺术专业的生存语境和发展应对策略的认识来关注这一全新的专业。提出了价值取向的专业定位和培养目标,以及专业建设应注重的四个要义。     

中西文化差异在英汉语言中的表现

在英语语言的学习中,了解英语国家的知识背景和文化特征有助于对语言内涵的了解,有助于避免因文化冲突造成的误解。文章对英汉两种语言在文化特征上的不同表现,分析了中西文化的差异。     

基于功耗模型的无线传感器网络节点生存模式评估

作为一种能量受限网络,无线传感器网络节点能耗评估具有重要意义。分析组成无线传感器网络节点各个单元功耗与状态的关系,建立基于节点工作状态的功耗模型,提出节点生存模式评估方法。给出典型节点生存模式实验用例,在振动检测实验平台上进行相关参数测量与验证。实验数据表明：该方法优于Petri网模型,可为无线传感器网络节点节能优化提供较为可靠的依据。     

用假设的显著性检验保证系列产品的综合可靠度

本文针对产品系列化的情况，提高了用假设的显著性检验保证系列产品综合可靠度的方法，并推导了综合可靠度的计算公式。该方法强调充分利用以往的信息和经验，算例表明这种方法有效的。最的指出该方法思路也可推广应用于其它可靠性问题。     

MASS OCCURRENCE OF BLOODSUCKING BLACKFLIES IN A REGULATED RIVER REACH: LOCALIZATION OF OVIPOSITION HABITAT OF SIMULIUM TRUNCATUM USING DNA BARCODING

In order to understand the factors giving rise to a stable and annual outbreak of the pest blackfly species Simulium truncatum (Lundström, 1911) (Simuliidae), the oviposition habitat has been localized and the egg density quantified at different contour levels in the studied regulated river channel bank. Larvae and adults of 12 blackfly species were identified to species based on morphology. As reference library for subsequent species identification of eggs and small larvae, these specimens were subsequently DNA sequenced for the barcode gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Interspecific distance was large between species or species complexes (average nearest neighbour distance: 0.14; range: 0.09–0.20), while intraspecific distance was comparatively low except for the Simulium ornatum and Simulium tuberosum species complexes. S. truncatum was the only species located high up in the channel bank. The core oviposition habitat was a steep moist erosion edge with moss and dead roots and with a continuous supply of groundwater. Egg densities were estimated to 42 773–50 274 eggs cm^–2. Humid oviposition areas high up on the riverbank, but within the annual spring flood levels, seem to be the basis for annual outbreaks of S. truncatum. The mass occurrence of S. truncatum is a phenomenon probably created by man, directly related to the river regulation regime and the construction of a dam in 1936, which gave rise to the formation of the channel and the erosion edge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Fit and Unfit Patients with FLT3-Mutated AML: A Systematic Review

FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia accounts for around 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mutation carried a poor prognosis until the rise of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). New potent and specific inhibitors have successfully altered the course of the disease, increasing the complete response rate and the survival of patients with FLT3-mutated AML. The aim of this article is to review all the current knowledge on these game-changing drugs as well as the unsolved issues raised by their use for fit and unfit FLT3-mutated AML patients. To this end, we analyzed the results of phase I, II, III clinical trials evaluating FLT3-TKI both in the first-line, relapse monotherapy or in combination referenced in the PubMed, the American Society of Hematology, the European Hematology Association, and the Clinicaltrials.gov databases, as well as basic science reports on TKI resistance from the same databases. The review follows a chronological presentation of the different trials that allowed the development of first- and second-generation TKI and ends with a review of the current lines of evidence on leukemic blasts resistance mechanisms that allow them to escape TKI.     

Is Hypertension Beneficial to the Conventional Hemodialysis Patient?

Hypertension is common in the conventional hemodialysis population. While hypertension in the general population has been shown to reduce survival, the issue is less clear in the dialysis population. This review focuses on recent studies showing a favorable outcome in hypertensive hemodialysis patients compared to those with lower blood pressure. Possible explanations for this paradoxical relationship are examined and practical suggestions given for the management of hypertension in the hemodialysis patient.