深度学习在肺癌患者生存预测中的应用研究

肺癌是一种严重威胁患者生命的恶性肿瘤。通过对肺癌病人进行生存预测分析并制定针对性治疗方案,对提高病人生存率具有重要意义。提出一种基于病理学图像的肺癌患者生存预测分析方法。首先采用深度学习方法对病理学图片进行肺癌细胞自动检测,并对检测出的肺癌细胞进行特征提取。在特征选取中,引入了反映肺癌细胞间关系和分布特性的拓扑特征的提取方法,将提取的拓扑特征作为生存分析的预测因素。最后采用Cox-Lasso方法对肺癌患者进行生存预测分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高细胞检测的效率和准确性,并具有较高的肺癌患者生存预测分析能力。     

高校“城市生存训练”课程的设计

根据目前高校开展城市生存训练的实践研究,本文对在实践过程中面临的困惑进行了较深入的研究,并提出了高校开展城市生存训练的一些基本对策。     

高校新媒体艺术专业的生存语境及其应对

从事数码新媒体艺术的研究与学习,软件并不是终结者。人与机器的关系、人与社会的关系、人与生活的关系,乃至不同学科,不同技术之间的关系,只有通过学科文化这个特殊的载体,才能将机器、地域、人的精神与情感、文化与思想上升到进行自由的对话与融合这样一个境界,才能在不同的领域找到契合．点。文章从新媒体艺术专业的生存语境和发展应对策略的认识来关注这一全新的专业。提出了价值取向的专业定位和培养目标,以及专业建设应注重的四个要义。     

基于功耗模型的无线传感器网络节点生存模式评估

作为一种能量受限网络,无线传感器网络节点能耗评估具有重要意义。分析组成无线传感器网络节点各个单元功耗与状态的关系,建立基于节点工作状态的功耗模型,提出节点生存模式评估方法。给出典型节点生存模式实验用例,在振动检测实验平台上进行相关参数测量与验证。实验数据表明：该方法优于Petri网模型,可为无线传感器网络节点节能优化提供较为可靠的依据。     

Adaptive memory: Determining the proximate mechanisms responsible for the memorial advantages of survival processing.

J. S. Nairne, S. R. Thompson, and J. N. S. Pandeirada (2007) suggested that our memory systems may have evolved to help us remember fitness-relevant information and showed that retention of words rated for their relevance to survival is superior to that of words encoded under other deep processing conditions. The authors present 4 experiments that uncover the proximate mechanisms likely responsible. The authors obtained a recall advantage for survival processing compared with conditions that promoted only item-specific processing or only relational processing. This effect was eliminated when control conditions encouraged both item-specific and relational processing. Data from separate measures of item-specific and relational processing generally were consistent with the view that the memorial advantage for survival processing results from the encoding of both types of processing. Although the present study suggests the proximate mechanisms for the effect, the authors argue that survival processing may be fundamentally different from other memory phenomena for which item-specific and relational processing differences have been implicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A dynamic dose–response model to account for exposure patterns in risk assessment: a case study in inhalation anthrax

The most commonly used dose–response models implicitly assume that accumulation of dose is a time-independent process where each pathogen has a fixed risk of initiating infection. Immune particle neutralization of pathogens, however, may create strong time dependence; i.e. temporally clustered pathogens have a better chance of overwhelming the immune particles than pathogen exposures that occur at lower levels for longer periods of time. In environmental transmission systems, we expect different routes of transmission to elicit different dose–timing patterns and thus potentially different realizations of risk. We present a dose–response model that captures time dependence in a manner that incorporates the dynamics of initial immune response. We then demonstrate the parameter estimation of our model in a dose–response survival analysis using empirical time-series data of inhalational anthrax in monkeys in which we find slight dose–timing effects. Future dose–response experiments should include varying the time pattern of exposure in addition to varying the total doses delivered. Ultimately, the dynamic dose–response paradigm presented here will improve modelling of environmental transmission systems where different systems have different time patterns of exposure.     

基于多组学数据和稀疏变分自编码器的生存分析算法

针对生存分析中多组学数据带来的维数灾难和过拟合问题,提出了一种基于多组学数据和稀疏变分自编码器的生存分析算法VAESCox。该算法将变分自编码器的基本结构与稀疏编码和生存分析相结合,在无监督阶段训练变分自编码器学习低维表示,在监督阶段将训练的权重迁移到生存分析模型,并对传递权重进行微调和稀疏编码。实验结果表明,在八种不同癌症类型的数据集上,VAESCox模型在消融和对比实验中均取得了较高的C指数值。与其他四种基准生存分析方法相比,所提算法不仅缓解了多组学数据融合的过拟合问题,也显著提高了生存预测性能,表明不同组学数据的融合有助于预后生存结果的精准预测。     

Is Hypertension Beneficial to the Conventional Hemodialysis Patient?

Hypertension is common in the conventional hemodialysis population. While hypertension in the general population has been shown to reduce survival, the issue is less clear in the dialysis population. This review focuses on recent studies showing a favorable outcome in hypertensive hemodialysis patients compared to those with lower blood pressure. Possible explanations for this paradoxical relationship are examined and practical suggestions given for the management of hypertension in the hemodialysis patient.