α-Sulfonated fatty acid esters: I. Structural effects of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid higher alcohol esters on surface-active properties and emulsification ability

The surface-active properties and emulsification ability of sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters, C_mH_2m+1CH-(SO₃Na)COOC_nH_2n+1, were studied as a function of the hydrophobic alkyl chainlength in the fatty acid (m=8−16) and the alcohol (n=8−18). As a result, it was discovered that sodium α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have a structural effect on the Krafft point different from that of amphiphiles with short alkyl chains. Moreover, some of the α-sulfonated fatty acid esters have quite low interfacial tensions, as well as non-foaming properties, which depend upon the total (m+n) number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains.     

A complement about almost controllability subspaces

We show that, for any almost controllability subspace, there exist a maximal input chain and a family of state feedbacks which lead to the well known ‘feedback-chain’ expression for this subspace.     

Renewal type bootstrap for Markov chains

In this paper we treat a renewal type of bootstrap for atomic Markov chains under minimal moment conditions on renewal times, i.e.Er ²<∞. Three main results are: a) if a Markov chain satisfies the CLT for the mean then it also satisfies a bootstrap CLT; b) if a Markov chain satisfies a uniform CLT over classes of functions then, it also satisfies bootstrap uniform CLT with minimal condition on envelope functionF; c) we establish second order correctness for this procedure. All results are for “in probability” bootstrap and constitute the final word in this setting.     

RANDOM COEFFICIENT AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES:A MARKOV CHAIN ANALYSIS OF STATIONARITY AND FINITENESS OF MOMENTS

Abstract. Simple yet practically efficient conditions for the ergodicity of a Markov chain on a general state space have recently been developed. We illustrate their application to non-linear time series models and, in particular, to random coefficient autoregressive models.
As well as ensuring the existence of a unique stationary distribution, geometric rates of convergence to stationarity are ensured. Moreover, sufficient conditions for the existence and convergence of moments can be determined by a closely related method. The latter conditions, in particular, are new.     

A problem related to the stability of force chains

When a load is applied to a granular material, the stress is not uniformly distributed but concentrates into quasi-linear particle assemblies known as force chains. By the time they can be observed, force chains are apparently quasistatic in the sense that they persist over time scales much longer than elastic timescales (such as a contact time) over which an unstable chain breaks apart. But many force chains attempt to form, but are unstable and break apart after a few contact times. Stability requires that each particle in the chain be pressed against its neighbors by the forces in the chain. Furthermore, each particle must also be in quasistatic equilibrium in the sense that all forces on it must roughly balance. This paper examines a simple linear string of particles in an attempt to estimate how much force is required to hold the chain together and how large a force imbalance can be tolerated. There are two modes of instability, a simple case in which an overloaded contact pushes its particles apart breaking the chain as they separate, and a more complicated mode requiring the interaction of elastic waves traveling along the chain. Overall, dissipation acts as a stabilizing factor, first by reducing the initial energy of the overloaded contact as it unloads, and subsequently, by reducing the energy of the elastic waves.     

一种适合测距应用的数字相位跟踪测量环性能分析

本文介绍了一种新型数字相位跟踪测量环(DPTML)结构,并应用有限状态Markov链理论求解其稳态误差和响应时间.通过分析关键部件的抗噪声性能给出了参数选择依据,提出了应用稳态结果进一步降低输出误差的"稳态平均法".计算和仿真结果均表明,该DPTML比传统的过零采样数字锁相环(ZC-DPLL)具有更强的抗噪声性能,并有效消除了高信噪比下的"hangup"效应,缩短了响应时间,更适于测距应用.     

Parametric probabilistic transition systems for system design and analysis

We develop a model of parametric probabilistic transition Systems (PPTSs), where probabilities associated with transitions may be parameters. We show how to find instances of the parameters that satisfy a given property and instances that either maximize or minimize the probability of reaching a certain state. As an application, we model a probabilistic non-repudiation protocol with a PPTS. The theory we develop allows us to find instances that maximize the probability that the protocol ends in a fair state (no participant has an advantage over the others). A preliminary version of this paper was presented at SEFM’04 [LMT04]. 05 April 2006     

CSL model checking algorithms for QBDs

We present an in-depth treatment of model checking algorithms for a class of infinite-state continuous-time Markov chains known as quasi-birth death processes. The model class is described in detail, as well as the logic CSL to express properties of interest. Using a new property-independency concept, we provide model checking algorithms for all the CSL operators. Special emphasis is given to the time-bounded until operator for which we present a new and efficient computational procedure named uniformization with representatives. By the use of an application-driven dynamic stopping criterion, the algorithm stops whenever the property to be checked can be certified (or falsified). A comprehensive case study of a connection management system shows the versatility of our new algorithms.     

马尔科夫链扫雷效果评估模型可信度验证

目前基于马尔科夫链的扫雷作战效果评估模型从单链到多链，理论模型与算法设计已经架构完毕，但该模型的可信度还有待验证。文中利用误差分布拟合检验的方法，对模型可信度进行验证，计算表明，该模型可信度较好。     

Infrared Image Small Target Detection Based on Bi-orthogonal Wavelet and Morphology

An image multi-scale edge detection method based on anti-symmetrical bi-orthogonal wavelet is given in theory. Convolution operation property and function as a differential operator are analyzed,which anti-symmetrical bi-orthogonal wavelet transform have. An algorithm for wavelet reconstruction in which multi-scale edge can be detected is put forward. Based on it, a detection method for small target in infrared image with sea or sky background based on the anti-symmetrical bi-orthogonal wavelet and morphology is proposed. The small target detection is considered as a process in which structural background is removed, correlative background is suppressed, and noise is restrained. In this approach, the multi-scale edge is extracted by means of the anti-symmetrical bi-orthogonal wavelet decomposition. Then, module maximum chains formed by complicated background of clouds, sea wave and sea-sky-line are removed, and the image background becomes smoother. Finally, the morphology based edge detection method is used to get small target and restrain undulate background and noise. Experiment results show that the approach can suppress clutter background and detect the small target effectively.