What does the object decision task measure? Reflections on the basis of evidence from semantic dementia.

The authors investigated the impact of semantic knowledge on visual object analysis by assessing the performance of patients with semantic dementia on a different-views object matching test and on 2 object decision tests differing, for example, in whether the nonreal items were nonsense objects or chimeras of 2 real objects. On average, the patients scored normally on both the object matching and the object decision test including nonsense objects but were impaired on the object decision test including chimeras; this latter was also the only visual object test that correlated significantly with degree of semantic impairment. These findings demonstrate that object decision is not a single task or ability and that it is not necessarily independent of conceptual knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

热衷于国际标准活动--全球社会标准化机构肩负的任务

根据美国国家标准学会 (ANSI)理事会主席、ISO现任主席OliverR .Smoot在日本东京召开的国际标准化协议会上的讲演整理。     

Differential effects of cue changes and task changes on task-set selection costs.

A task-switching paradigm with a 2:1 mapping between cues and tasks was used to separate cue-switching processes (indexed through pure cue-switch costs) from actual task-switching processes (indexed through additional costs in case of cue and task changes). A large portion of total switch costs was due to cue changes (Experiments 1 and 2), and cue-switch costs but not task-switch costs were sensitive to effects of practice (Experiment 1) and preparation (Experiment 2). In contrast, task-switch costs were particularly sensitive to response-priming effects (Experiments 1 and 2) and task-set inhibition (Experiment 3). Results suggest two processing stages relevant during task-set selection: cue-driven retrieval of task rules from long-term memory and the automatic application of rules to a particular stimulus situation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

通信瓶颈下的实时并行任务分配研究

提出了实时并行任务粒度划分的具体设计方法，采用了系统内通信迟延最小的约束条件进行多处理器上的任务分配，解决了高速实时信号处理中的数据通信瓶颈问题。在自行设计的超立方体结构的通用信号处理机上，实现了空时二维自适应信号处理和SAR实时成像，显著减小了数据通信迟延，提高了并行效率和性价比。     

嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ在C8051F020上的移植

通过对嵌入式实时操作系统应用背景的分析，论述了在嵌入式控制系统中采用嵌入式实时操作系统的必要性.简略介绍了源代码开放的嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ及微控制器C8051F020的特点，重点阐述了μC/OS-Ⅱ在以微控制器C8051F020为运行平台的移植.对μC/OS-Ⅱ的移植条件及各个组成模块进行说明，讨论了移植过程中遇到的问题，并对需要编写的底层硬件的相关函数进行了深入细致的分析，提出了相应的示意性代码.在此基础上，根据实际系统的要求优化改进了原有的任务堆栈结构.     

Maximally efficient dialogue mode algorithm

Collaboration is more efficient when the most capable participant for each goal has initiative in directing the problem-solving for that goal. The paper describes a method for using a probabilistic analysis to create a mode-switching mechanism that selects which participant should control the collaborative problem solving so that efficiency is maximized.     

Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) Encode Relevant Problem Features in a Tool-Using Task.

Two important elements in problem solving are the abilities to encode relevant task features and to combine multiple actions to achieve the goal. The authors investigated these 2 elements in a task in which gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) had to use a tool to retrieve an out-of-reach reward. Subjects were able to select tools of an appropriate length to reach the reward even when the position of the reward and tools were not simultaneously visible. When presented with tools that were too short to retrieve the reward, subjects were more likely to refuse to use them than when tools were the appropriate length. Subjects were proficient at using tools in sequence to retrieve the reward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于CORBA和WEB的产品数据管理体系结构研究

 产品数据管理(product data management,PDM)作为产品信息管理集成框架,已成为当前研究开发型企业提高其核心竞争力的一种重要竞争策略.介绍了PDM技术的起源与发展,阐述了PDM的应用功能框架.结合当今软件技术的发展,分析了基于CORBA和WEB技术的PDM/CPC代表性产品Windchill平台的体系结构,指出了传统PDM过渡到CPC的必然发展趋势.     

Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis.

This study provides a meta-analysis of research on the associations between relationship conflict, task conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. Consistent with past theorizing, results revealed strong and negative correlations between relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. In contrast to what has been suggested in both academic research and introductory textbooks, however, results also revealed strong and negative (instead of the predicted positive) correlations between task conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction. As predicted, conflict had stronger negative relations with team performance in highly complex (decision making, project, mixed) than in less complex (production) tasks. Finally, task conflict was less negatively related to team performance when task conflict and relationship conflict were weakly, rather than strongly, correlated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Switching between tasks of unequal familiarity: The role of stimulus-attribute and response-set selection.

It has been reported that it is harder to switch to a strong, well-practiced task from a weaker, less-practiced task than vice versa. Three experiments replicated this surprising asymmetry and investigated how it is affected by a reduction in interference between tasks. Experiment 1 progressively delayed the onset of the stimulus attribute associated with the stronger task. Experiments 2 and 3 separated the response sets of the tasks. Both manipulations reduced, without eliminating, interference of the stronger with the weaker task but reversed the asymmetry of switch costs, resulting in a larger cost of switching to the weaker task. The results are interpreted in terms of a model of the interactions between control input, task strength, and task priming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)