100m3发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术研究

详细介绍了100立方米发酵罐上面发酵小麦啤酒生产工艺技术及质量控制标准.     

2种甜味姜的腌制方法

为增加腌制生姜的品种，该文介绍了蜜汁生姜、五美姜的腌制方法。蜜汁生姜是将生姜整理去皮后，经糟浸密封、洗净、切制、压卤、蜜渍、翻拌和成熟等工序制成的。产品有色泽金黄、味道甜美、微辣及香脆可口等特点。五美姜是将鲜生姜整理去皮，经2次盐水渍后，加入去核白梅拌匀、经曝晒，加入甘松、甘草和檀香拌匀，再经曝晒制得成品。产品色泽金黄，质地脆嫩，味甘微酸，香气独特。     

Odor of Taste Stimuli in Conditioned "Taste" Aversion Learning.

The present research addresses whether rats can express odor aversions to the odor of taste stimuli. In Experiment 1, saccharin or salt were either mixed in distilled water, so the rats could taste and smell them, or presented on disks attached to the tubes' metal spouts so the rats could only smell them. Aversions were established to taste stimuli under both conditions. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that conditioning was to the odor of the tastes when they were presented on disks in Experiment 1, hence both taste and odor aversions were established by means of "taste" stimuli. Taste aversion learning thus may more properly be termed flavor aversion learning, with flavor referring to both taste and odor components. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The methodical organization of talking and eating: Assessments in dinner conversations

The paper analyzes food talk and more particularly food assessments produced during dinner conversations videorecorded in naturalistic settings. This focus reveals how expressions of food preferences, taste, and other evaluations are deeply embedded within collective activities, related both to the ongoing conversation and to the management of the meal as a social event. The paper reviews existing interactional studies of dinner conversations, and provides a detailed analysis of the interactional, linguistic and multimodal patterns which characterize the sequential environment in which assessments are produced. It identifies three recurrent contexts: at the beginning of meals, at closings of sequences and topical developments, and at ‘delicate’ moments characterized by emerging disagreements and conflicts. This sequential analysis reveals how taste and food preferences are highly sensitive both to the social occasions and to the organization of turns at talk; analysis shows that not only are assessments systematically positioned within specific sequences in dinner conversations, but also that they can be mobilized in service of other social practices, such as fueling topical talk, reorienting participants’ focus of attention or stopping emerging sequential trajectories.     

Uptake and release of environmentally occurring odorous compounds by fish. A review

This review deals with chemical compounds occurring in the environment that may impair the flavour of fish. Fifty-seven compounds, various mixtures and waste waters are listed with effective concentrations and exposure data. Factors affecting the uptake and release of environmentally occurring odorous substances by fish are discussed. For most compounds tested, estimated threshold concentrations for flavour impairment of fish (ETC) are higher than the corresponding threshold odour concentration in water (TOC), but for phenols, this relationship is reversed. Further research needs are briefly discussed.     

Taste Identification of Tea Through a Fuzzy Neural Network Based on Fuzzy C-means Clustering

1　IntroductionTasteidentificationisoneofthemainapplica tionsofthepatternrecognition .Thestudyoftasteidentificationcanbetracedbacktothebeginningof90’s.Theneuralnetworkmodelrealizingtasteidentificationofthefivebasictasteswithvariousdensitywasoriginally proposedbyHaoBo[1 ] in1 994.Afterward ,withthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence,thefuzzyneuralnetworkwasusedtoidentifythebasicandsweet acidcompoundtaste[2 ] .Furthermore ,thequantitysamplinganalysisofvari ousfoodsandbeverages,suchascoffee ,r…     

Activity of drimane antifeedants and related compounds against aphids,and comparative biological effects and chemical reactivity of (−)- and (+)-polygodial

A series of natural drimanes and related synthetic compounds was tested for antifeedant activity against aphids. Polygodial and warburganal were the most active. The synthetic compounds methyl 9-hydroxydrimenoate and 9-hydroxydrimenal, although active against lepidopteran larvae, were inactive against aphids. Natural (–)-polygodial and the synthetic (+) isomer showed similar levels of activity as aphid antifeedants and in phytotoxicity, fish toxicity, and human taste tests, but reacted at different rates with enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine.     

虾夷扇贝活力变化对其呈味特性的影响研究

目的 研究虾夷扇贝活力变化对于呈味特性的影响。方法 将活品虾夷扇贝在4℃干藏0、6、24 h后,其分别处于不同的活力状态。通过扇贝组织形态、扇贝闭壳肌中三磷酸腺苷（Adenosine triphosphate,ATP）及其关联化合物、腺苷酸能荷（Adenylate energy charge,AEC值）、线粒体活性、能量代谢物水平等指标分析活力;对加热熟制后的各样品进行感官评价,测定呈味化合物含量、计算味觉活度值;最后分析扇贝活力变化对呈味特性的影响。结果 干藏期间扇贝外套膜收缩,活力轻微下降,但ATP及其关联化合物、AEC值均无显著变化。线粒体活性由85.59%显著下降至59.21%,线粒体功能下降。另外,干藏导致糖酵解代谢物糖原由4.32 g/100 g下降至3.14 g/100 g,同时葡萄糖1-磷酸、果糖6-磷酸、磷酸二羟丙酮等代谢物含量显著上升,三羧酸循环（Tricarboxylic acid,TCA）代谢物丙氨酸含量由0.44 mg/g增加至0.71 mg/g。干藏导致扇贝中呈味化合物谷氨酸含量由0.93 mg/g下降至0.51 mg/g,精氨酸含量由9.05mg/g上升至10.56 mg/g,滋味中鲜味降低、苦味上升。结论 虾夷扇贝活力下降导致了谷氨酸含量的下降和精氨酸含量的上升,进而造成扇贝滋味中鲜味的下降和苦味的上升。     

适宜口感下的红茶品饮冲泡技术

目的:探究适宜口感下的红茶冲泡上限及其技术参数。方法:以一芽二叶红茶为原料,将感官审评方法制备的茶汤梯度稀释并由50名志愿者品饮,在确定适宜口感浓度的基础上,以适宜口感下水浸出物、茶黄素、茶红素质量浓度为考察指标,优化筛选红茶每次品饮冲泡的技术参数以及适宜口感下的冲泡次数。结果:红茶茶汤中水浸出物、茶黄素、茶红素质量浓度分别为1.40,0.04,0.60 mg/mL时,具有适宜的品饮口感;第1次冲泡采用茶水比(m_茶∶V_水)1∶100 (g/mL)、82℃纯水冲泡4.5 min,第2次冲泡采用茶水比(m_茶∶V_水)1∶50 (g/mL)、86.0℃纯水冲泡3.5 min,两次所得的茶汤均具有适宜的品饮口感并达到适宜口感的水浸出物、茶黄素、茶红素质量浓度;但第3次冲泡采用茶水比(m_茶∶V_水)1∶50 (g/mL)、97.3℃纯水冲泡6.4 min后,所得茶汤口感过淡,同时水浸出物、茶黄素也未能达到适宜口感下的质量浓度要求。结论:适宜口感下的红茶品饮冲泡以冲泡2次...