Effect of starter cultures on properties of soft white cheese made from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of starter cultures on the physicochemical properties, texture, and consumer preferences of soft white cheese (SWC) made from camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments [starter cultures; i.e., 1 thermophilic (STI-12), 2 blended (RST-743 and XPL-2), and 2 mesophilic (R-707 and CHN-22) cultures]. Starter cultures STI-12 and RST-743 were inoculated at 37°C, whereas XPL-2, R-707, and CHN-22 were inoculated at 30°C. Camel milk inoculated using STI-12 and RST-743 cultures resulted in faster acidification than XPL-2, R-707, and CHN-22 cultures. Camel milk SWC made using STI-12 and CHN-22 cultures gave lower pH (4.54) and titratable acidity (0.59), respectively, whereas R-707 culture resulted in high cheese yield (13.44 g/100 g). In addition, high fat (20.91 g/100 g), protein (17.49 g/100 g), total solids (43.44 g/100 g), and ash (2.40 g/100 g) contents were recorded for SWC made from camel milk made using RST-743 culture. Instrumental analysis of cheese texture revealed differences in resistance to deformation in which camel milk SWC made using RST-743 culture gave higher firmness (3.20 N) and brittleness (3.12 N). However, no significant difference was observed among camel milk SWC adhesiveness made using different starter cultures. Consumer preference for appearance, aroma, taste, and overall acceptances of SWC were affected by inoculation of starter cultures. Considering curd firmness, cheese yield, compositional quality, and textures using STI-12, RST-743, and R-707, these cultures were found to be better for the manufacture of camel milk SWC.     

利用电子舌分析热加工酸肉滋味特征

采用电子舌及多元统计方法分析4 种发酵酸肉经不同热处理后的滋味品质,通过主成分分析、判别分析及聚类分析对经不同热处理的酸肉进行差异性及聚类分析。结果表明：不同种类酸肉或经不同加热处理后酸肉的电子舌滋味强度存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,可通过判别分析、聚类分析将酸肉进行分类,聚类分析将苗族酸肉、小米酸肉及微波处理傣族酸肉聚为一类,蒸制、油炸、烤制傣族酸肉为一类,微波处理辣椒酸肉为一类,蒸制、油炸、烤制辣椒酸肉为一类;酸肉中酸、苦、涩、咸、鲜、甜6 种基本滋味均存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。     

细胞生物传感器在食品风味评价中的研究进展

食品风味是优质食品的重要属性,味觉和嗅觉感知很大程度决定了消费者对食品的接受度。传统的食品风味评价方法包括人工感官、智能感官、仪器分析等。人工感官分析可靠性高,但味觉易疲劳且存在主观性;智能感知仪器结构复杂,其工作原理与实际味觉传递也存在一定差异,导致其应用存在一定局限性。基于细胞的传感器法是以活细胞作为敏感元件,与换能器以及信号处理装置结合,从而对食品风味进行检测、评价的一种新方法,具有灵敏度高、选择性好、响应快等特点,是生物传感器的研究热点之一。本文结合近年来研究成果简单阐述细胞传感器的概念与基本结构,重点讨论细胞传感器在味觉及嗅觉评价领域中的研究成果与应用,阐释其在实际应用中感受与传导的机制,总结已获取食品的风味感知信息,最后讨论细胞传感器在发展中存在的问题并提出未来可能的发展思路。