“中国十大文化名酒”成功案例系列报道之四—文化名酒的口感与工艺特色

国酒茅台集酱香、窖底香和醇甜香于一体,发酵时间长,环境、微生物独特,水质好、无污染。炉州老窖无色透明、窖香幽雅、绵甜爽净、柔和协调、尾净香长、风格典型;窖龄长,粮、曲、水独特,工艺管理严谨。剑南春集五粮之精华,香、醇、净、爽,儒雅柔香。酒鬼酒酱香幽雅、清香灵秀、浓香醇厚。道光廿五酒醇香、幽香、雅香。汝阳杜康、双沟大曲、宝丰大曲、今世缘等文化名酒,也各具独特风格个性。（孙悟）     

红曲菌发酵对低盐半干鲩鱼的提味增鲜作用

为探究红曲菌发酵对低盐半干鲩鱼的增鲜作用,在传统低盐半干鲩鱼工艺上引入红曲菌发酵技术,以普通低盐半干鱼组和添加灭活红曲菌发酵剂的低盐半干鱼组(添加灭活发酵剂组)作为对照,通过水可溶性氮、三氯乙酸可溶性氮两指标分析蛋白的降解程度,游离氨基酸和5'-核苷酸含量计算滋味活性值和味精当量.结果 表明:红曲菌发酵后的半干鱼产品滋...     

4种龟肉酶解液的氨基酸及呈味特性比较

以中华草龟、黄喉拟水龟、中华花龟和鳄龟为原料,分析比较4种龟肉碱性蛋白酶酶解液(分别标记为CEH、MEH、OEH和SEH)在总氨基酸、游离氨基酸和呈味特性上的差异.结果表明:4种龟肉酶解液的总氨基酸和游离氨基酸中均含有16种常见氨基酸.4种酶解液的总氨基酸中含量和百分比最高的氨基酸均为谷氨酸,最低均为蛋氨酸.OEH中总...     

Effects of high solid concentrations on the efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates

Effects of solid concentrations on enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates were examined. Results showed that increased solid concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% resulted in a mild increase in degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysates during the whole hydrolysis process, whereas an obvious inhibition effect on DH was found at hydrolysates with 40% of solid concentration. The levels of amino nitrogen and total nitrogen of supernatant with 40% of solid concentration were six‐fold higher than those of hydrolysates with 10% of solid concentration at all hydrolysis time. After 21 h of hydrolysis, there was no significant difference in molecular weight distributions of hydrolysates with different solid concentrations, while a significant increase in amino acid contents of hydrolysates with high solid concentrations was found. Results from sensory evaluation showed that the intensities of umami, mouthfulness and continuity in umami solution could be significantly improved by supplementing with the resulting hydrolysates with high solid concentrations.     

Formulation studies for mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets

Abstract

Objective: Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) recently have gained much attention to fulfill the needs for pediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. Aim of this study was to develop new ODT formulations containing mirtazapine, an antidepressant drug molecule having bitter taste, by using simple and inexpensive preparation methods such as coacervation, direct compression and to compare their characteristics with those of reference product (Remereon SolTab).

Materials and methods: Coacervation method was chosen for taste masking of mirtazapine. In vitro characterization studies such as diameter and thickness, weight variation, tablet hardness, tablet friability and disintegration time were performed on tablet formulations. Wetting time and in vitro dissolution tests of developed ODTs also studied using 900?mL 0.1?N HCl medium, 900?mL pH 6.8 phosphate buffer or 900?mL pH 4.5 acetate buffer at 37?±?0.2?°C as dissolution medium.

Results: Ratio of Eudragit® E-100 was chosen as 6% (w/w) since the dissolution profile of A1 (6% Eudragit® E-100) was found closer to the reference product than A2 (4% Eudragit® E-100) and A3 (8% Eudragit® E-100). Group D, E and F formulations were presented better results in terms of disintegration time. Dissolution results indicated that Group E and F formulations showed optimum properties in all three dissolution media.

Discussion: Formulations D1, D4, D5, E3, E4, F1 and F5 found suitable as ODT formulations due to their favorable disintegration times and dissolution profiles.

Conclusion: Developed mirtazapine ODTs were found promising in terms of showing the similar characteristics to the original formulation.     

Comparison between discrete and continuous analysis of facial expressions,elicited by bitter-tasting beverages in overweight and healthy-weight individuals

The aim of the present study was to compare the information provided by a discrete and continuous data analysis of two emotions (disgust and joy), elicited by bitter-tasting beverages (coffee, yerba mate infusion and grapefruit juice) in two groups with different body mass index (BMI): overweight group (25 < BMI < 30), and healthy-weight control group (18.5 < BMI ≤ 25). Participants (n = 66; 34 females, 32 males) evaluated a total of three consecutive sips of the same beverage (taking one sip every 20 s and registering a continuous video for 60 s). The Wilcoxon test (continuous analysis) showed some changes generated as the drinks were being consumed. The biggest difference was the expression of disgust for coffee in the high BMI group, at the first sip (0–10 s). It represented 27% compared to 2% in normal BMI. The continuous analysis allowed to observe the periods where the differences were greater (0–10 and 40–50 s).     

日本の寒冷地における良食味米栽培（日语原文）

日本最北の稲作地帯である北海道では、冷涼な気候の変動の影響を避けて良食味米を生産するため、アミロース含有率（アミロース）と精米蛋白質含有率（蛋白）の低下技術が開発された。アミロースは栽培品種の影響が大きいが、唯一登熟気温が高いほど低下するため、早植えや葉令が大きい苗で出穂を促進する。蛋白では、窒素施肥標準量を、稲作地帯の気象条件による20区分と各5土壌型別に、過去の収量実績による設定基準収量から蛋白7.0％以下を目標に決める。さらに可給態窒素量による施肥増減、前年秋と当年融雪後での降水量と気温による乾土効果および有機物施与に対応した減肥も行う。さらに、追肥の回避、泥炭土での客土やケイ酸資材の施与を行う。初期生育の促進技術として健苗の育成、移植適期内の早植え、密植、浅植え、側条施肥、および移植後での水温上昇のため夜または早朝の入水や強風地帯での防風施設設置がある。また不稔多発の回避ための幼穂形成期から穂ばらみ期の深水がある。登熟期間には、落水時期に注意し，適正な土壌水分を保持する。収穫後の稲わらは、多収と低蛋白のため堆肥化が最善だが、土壌に直接鋤き込むとしても春を避けて秋に行う。     

Quality identification and evaluation of Pu‐erh teas of different grade levels and various ages through sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis

To develop an objective, effective, flexible and cost‐saving method to assess Pu‐erh tea quality, Pu‐erh tea samples of different grade levels and various ages were analysed using sensory evaluation and various instrumental techniques, including chemical analysis and electronic tongue (ET). Results showed that taste profile analysis as a sensory evaluation method can meticulously describe and distinguish different Pu‐erh tea samples. Chemical analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis can cluster Pu‐erh ripened and raw tea both in compressed and scattered forms. However, no obvious variation tendency was observed in the chemical composition parameters of Pu‐erh tea of different grade levels or various ages. ET combined with principal components analysis (PCA) is effective in classifying Pu‐erh tea samples of different grade levels and various ages. ET followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) performs well in identifying Pu‐erh tea samples of various ages by establishing a discriminant model.