Bi-based superconductors fabricated in high magnetic fields

The microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2223 superconductor fabricated in high magnetic fields were investigated. The results shows that the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field were formed after the partial-melting and solidification in 8 T magnetic field, and transformed into the Bi-2223 grains with c-axis alignment during the further sintering process at 840 ℃ without magnetic field. The conversion of Bi-2212 grains to Bi-2223 grains has the heredity in grain alignment. The mixed structures of the Bi-2223 and the Bi-2212 grains with their c-axis parallel to the magnetic field are formed in samples sintered at 850-855 ℃ in 10 T magnetic field. When sintered in 10 T below 845 ℃, a high proportion of Bi-2223 phase is obtained, however no preferred orientation is observed. The Bi-2223 grains with their c-axis parallel to the axial direction of the vertical tube furnace are formed not only on the surface, but also in the center of the sample sintered at 850 ℃ for 120 h in a 15 ℃/cm temperature gradient without magnetic field. Moreover, the samples sintered in the temperature gradient and in a 10 T magnetic field have a stronger c-axis alignment ofbi-2223 phase.     

Realtime Rendering Glossy to Glossy Reflections in Screen Space

Glossy to glossy reflections are lights bounced between glossy surfaces. Such directional light transports are important for humans to perceive glossy materials, but difficult to simulate. This paper proposes a new method for rendering screen‐space glossy to glossy reflections in realtime. We use spherical von Mises‐Fisher (vMF) distributions to model glossy BRDFs at surfaces, and employ screen space directional occlusion (SSDO) rendering framework to trace indirect light transports bounced in the screen space. As our main contributions, we derive a new parameterization of vMF distribution so as to convert the non‐linear fit of multiple vMF distributions into a linear sum in the new space. Then, we present a new linear filtering technique to build MIP‐maps on glossy BRDFs, which allows us to create filtered radiance transfer functions at runtime, and efficiently estimate indirect glossy to glossy reflections. We demonstrate our method in a realtime application for rendering scenes with dynamic glossy objects. Compared with screen space directional occlusion, our approach only requires one extra texture and has a negligible overhead, 3% ～ 6% loss at frame rate, but enables glossy to glossy reflections.     

Filtering Multi‐Layer Shadow Maps for Accurate Soft Shadows

In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for pre‐filtering multi‐layer shadow maps. The occluders in the scene are stored as variable‐length lists of fragments for each texel. We show how this representation can be filtered by progressively merging these lists. In contrast to previous pre‐filtering techniques, our method better captures the distribution of depth values, resulting in a much higher shadow quality for overlapping occluders and occluders with different depths. The pre‐filtered maps are generated and evaluated directly on the GPU, and provide efficient queries for shadow tests with arbitrary filter sizes. Accurate soft shadows are rendered in real‐time even for complex scenes and difficult setups. Our results demonstrate that our pre‐filtered maps are general and particularly scalable.     

彩色自然纹理分类识别的研究

为了建立描述彩色自然纹理的参数体系,选用木材纹理这种典型彩色自然纹理为研究对象,提取了木材图像颜色矩和高斯-马尔可夫特征参数,采用改进的模拟退火算法进行了特征优化筛选及特征级参数融合,得到纹理参数体系并进行分类识别实验,识别率为97.25％,明显高于融合前单参数体系.研究表明用该参数体系对彩色木材纹理进行分类识别是可行的,也可用于与其相近彩色自然纹理的分类识别.     

基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测

根据火灾发生时火焰的颜色、面积变化和火焰的纹理特征,提出一种基于视频图像的火焰多特征检测方法.着重介绍了对采集到的视频图像中的火焰进行颜色、面积变化的分析,并通过BP神经网络进行火焰纹理相似性的识别,以便得到更准确的火焰识别效果.     

基于LBP的眼睛开闭检测方法

在基于机器视觉的疲劳驾驶预警系统中通过驾驶人员眼睛的状态来判断其是否疲劳是最直接和有效的途径,对眼睛的开与闭这两个基本状态的检测是判断疲劳的一个关键技术.针对红外视频人脸图像序列,提出一种基于LBP纹理检测算子的快速准确人眼开闭检测方法.该方法首先精确提取眼睛区域,然后利用对光照具有鲁棒性的LBP纹理检测算子检测眼睛区域纹理并计算其二阶矩、熵和边际分布二阶矩作为特征向量,最后使用SVM对特征向量进行分类以达到开闭检测的目的.大量实验结果表明,该方法不仅具有较高的检测准度,而且能完全满足实时要求.     

基于非线性滤波和纹理传输的图像风格化

纹理传输通过将样本图像纹理信息传递给源图像实现风格化.但在处理纹理细节丰富的源图像和复杂样本图像时,现有技术的处理效果差,且不便于用户进行直观的交互操作.为此,提出一种基于非线性滤波的显式纹理传输方法.首先通过相对总变差和L0梯度最小化滤波器对源图像进行去纹理操作,然后通过相对总变差滤波器对样本图像进行纹理提取,最后通过亮度重映射和线性叠加实现纹理传输.实验结果表明,该方法能够在保持源图像结构和色调信息的同时进行纹理替换;与已有方法相比,交互过程更加直观且风格化效果更好.     

一种基于自适应混合模型的背景减除法

针对局部二进制相似度(LBSP)背景建模方法易受外界环境变化如动态背景、光照改变、相机抖动等干扰的问题,在融合像素纹理与亮度信息的基础上,建立一种自适应混合背景模型进行运动目标检测。首先,利用每个像素的多通道自适应局部二进制相似度(LBSP)信息和亮度信息建立混合背景模型。然后,根据当前像素与混合背景模型的比较结果对其进行分类,并采用随机更新机制更新背景模型。实验结果表明,本方法不仅在正常外界环境下取得了较好的检测结果,而且还可以有效地减少动态背景、光照变化等复杂外界环境条件造成的干扰,提高检测结果的准确性。     

基于变差函数全局纹理增强的结构相似度图像质量评价

为解决结构相似度算法的图像质量评价缺陷,提出了一种基于变差函数全局纹理增强的结构相似度图像质量评价。该方法首先利用改进的对数变差函数模型提取原图像和失真图像在水平0°、垂直90°和对角45°、135°四个方向的纹理信息特征,然后分别求出对应的纹理增强图像,最后改进SSIM中的结构信息来确定纹理区域的明显失真,计算得到整幅图像的VSSIM值。目前大多数的全参考评价方法不能对数据库中的所有失真类型进行评价,只能对某一类固定的失真类型来评价。本方法对LIVE数据库中的五种失真类型都适用,仿真实验表明,该算法对五种不同失真类型的评价结果具有一定的合理性,并且与主观评价数据库较为一致,其性能也优于其他质量评价模型。     

视景建模中树木纹理图像的随机变形网格方法

目的 视景建模中,采用“公告板”贴图法对同树种不同个体树建模时,需生成各种形态各异的树木纹理图像,为此提出一种新的生成树木纹理图像的随机变形网格方法。方法 首先将树木的原始纹理图像进行网格划分,再对网格顶点进行随机变形,最后将生成的不规则网格中的图像映射到新图像中相应的规则网格上,得到变形后的纹理图像。结果 应用随机参数控制树木图像的变形,模拟出成长环境因素对树木形态的影响。本文方法比采集多幅个体树图像贴图方法更简便,容易实现;比用同一幅图像进行多个个体贴图的视觉效果更真实。结论 本文方法生成的树木纹理图像应用于“公告板”贴图时,在视景模型中能较好地模拟出同一树种的多个个体树情景。该方法基于图像的局部变形,仍然保持原始图像内容的整体基本形态和内部结构的连续性,因此,同样适用于其他不规则形状的自然景物(如山峦、河流、海浪等)的图像处理。