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1.
Hydrogel-based nanofibers or vice versa are a relatively new class of nanomaterials, in which hydrogels are structured in nanofibrous form. Structure and size of the material directly governs its functionality, therefore, in hydrogel science, the nanofibrous form of hydrogels enables its usage in targeted applications. Hydrogel nanofiber system combines the desirable properties of both hydrogel and nanofiber like flexibility, soft consistency, elasticity, and biocompatibility due to high water content, large surface area to volume ratio, low density, small pore size and interconnected pores, high stiffness, tensile strength, and surface functionality. Swelling behavior is a critical property of hydrogels that is significantly increased in hydrogel nanofibers due to their small size. Electrospinning is the most popular method to fabricate “hydrogel nanofibers,” while other processes like self-assembly, solution blowing and template synthesis also exist. Merging the characteristics of both hydrogels and nanofibers in one system allows applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, actuation, wound dressing, photoluminescence, light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), waterproof breathable membranes, and enzymatic immobilization. Treatment of wastewater, detection, and adsorption of metal ions are also emerging applications. In this review paper, we intend to summarize in detail about electrospun “hydrogel nanofiber” in relation to its synthesis, properties, and applications. 相似文献
2.
This paper introduces a simultaneous process optimization and heat integration approach, which can be used directly with the rigorous models in process simulators. In this approach, the overall process is optimized utilizing external derivative-free optimizers, which interact directly with the process simulation. The heat integration subproblem is formulated as an LP model and solved simultaneously during optimization of the flowsheet to update the minimum utility and heat exchanger area targets. A piecewise linear approximation for the composite curve is applied to obtain more accurate heat integration results. This paper describes the application of this simultaneous approach for three cases: a recycle process, a separation process and a power plant with carbon capture. Case study results indicate that this simultaneous approach is relatively easy to implement and achieves higher profit and lower operating cost and, in the case of the power plant example, higher net efficiency than the sequential approach. 相似文献
3.
In different computer models, shape is represented using different methodologies, to varying degrees of precision. This paper examines two approaches to shape representation, and their effects on accuracy in the context of cylindrical particle packing. Two discrete element method (DEM) based software packages are used. A X-ray CT scan of a packed bed provides the experimental measurements for comparison. Eight sphere-composite representations of the same cylindrical pellet were tested. Two of these gave results that quantitatively follow experimental measurements. A range of factors that in theory could affect accuracy of the simulation results are examined, including edge roundedness, surface roughness and restitutional behaviour as a function of sphere-composite representations. The conclusion is that, for packing at least, matching the object's overall shape and dimensions is not enough. Only when a high enough resolution is applied to corners and edges, could the sphere-composite approach possibly match the experimental data quantitatively. 相似文献
4.
The separation of azeotropes has substantial energy and investment costs, and the available methods require high capital costs for reconstruction of process plants. As an alternative, a semicontinuous configuration that utilizes an existing plant with minor modifications has been explored. In this paper, a semicontinuous, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process is proposed and acetic acid dehydration process is used as a case study. To carry out the simulation work, Aspen HYSYS® simulation software is used along with MATLAB® and an interface program to handle the mode-transition of the semicontinuous process. Sensitivity analyses on operating parameters are performed to identify the process limits. Comparisons are made to conventional heterogeneous azeotropic distillation, and dividing-wall distillation column on the annual cost. The results proved that the semicontinuous system is the best setup in terms of total annual costs and energy requirements. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, we introduce an optimization strategy in order to comprehensively quantify the impact of availability and maintenance notions during the early stages of synthesis and design of a new natural gas combined cycle power plant. A detailed state-space approach is thoroughly discussed, where influence of maintenance funds on each component's repair rate is directly assessed.In this context, analysis of the reliability characteristics of the system is centered at two designer-adopted parameters, which largely influence the obtained results: the number of components which may fail independently at the same time, and the number of simultaneous failure/repair events.Then, optimal solutions are evaluated as the availability-related parameters and the amount of resources assigned for maintenance actions are varied across a wide range of feasible values, which enable obtaining more accurate and detailed estimations of the expected economic performance for the project when compared with traditional economic evaluation approaches. 相似文献
6.
针对目前运动想象脑电(EEG)信号识别率较低的问题,考虑到脑电信号蕴含着丰富的时频信息,提出一种基于时频域的卷积神经网络(CNN)运动想象脑电信号识别方法。首先,利用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)对脑电信号的相关频带进行预处理,并将多个电极的时频图组合构造出一种二维时频图;然后,针对二维时频图的时频特性,通过一维卷积的方法设计了一种新颖的CNN结构;最后,通过支持向量机(SVM)对CNN提取的特征进行分类。基于BCI数据集的实验结果表明,所提方法的平均识别率为86.5%,优于其他传统运动想象脑电信号识别方法;同时将该方法应用在智能轮椅上,验证了其有效性。 相似文献
7.
8.
频谱分解技术在塔里木盆地北部TH地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文从频谱分解技术的基本原理及计算方法入手,根据正演模型,通过对比缝洞型储层与地震反射特征的关系,总结出储层发育的反射特征,相应地精细调整频谱分解处理参数,进而进行预测。通过与钻井资料对比可知,频谱分解技术可以刻画不同频率强反射、弱反射的边界。 相似文献
9.
通过分析钢水在结晶器内凝固的不均匀性及对钢水结晶的热量平衡计算,讨论连铸中间包钢水温度、结晶器冷却水流量及进出水温差对拉坯速度的影响。 相似文献
10.
The physical gestures that operate music instruments are responsible for the qualities of the sound being produced in a performance.
Gestural information is thereby crucial for a model of music performance, paired with a model of sound synthesis where this
information is applied. The highly constrained nature of performers gestures makes this task suitable to be modeled via a
constraint-based approach, coupled with a strategy aimed at maximizing the gestural comfort of performers. We illustrate the
problem representation, the search strategy and a validation of the model against human performance. 相似文献