Topological‐Structure Modulated Polymer Nanocomposites Exhibiting Highly Enhanced Dielectric Strength and Energy Density

Dielectric materials with high electric energy densities and low dielectric losses are of critical importance in a number of applications in modern electronic and electrical power systems. An organic–inorganic 0–3 nanocomposite, in which nanoparticles (0‐dimensional) are embedded in a 3‐dimensionally connected polymer matrix, has the potential to combine the high breakdown strength and low dielectric loss of the polymer with the high dielectric constant of the ceramic fillers, representing a promising approach to realize high energy densities. However, one significant drawback of the composites explored up to now is that the increased dielectric constant of the composites is at the expense of the breakdown strength, limiting the energy density and dielectric reliability. In this study, by expanding the traditional 0–3 nanocomposite approach to a multilayered structure which combines the complementary properties of the constituent layers, one can realize both greater dielectric displacement and a higher breakdown field than that of the polymer matrix. In a typical 3‐layer structure, for example, a central nanocomposite layer of higher breakdown strength is introduced to substantially improve the overall breakdown strength of the multilayer‐structured composite film, and the outer composite layers filled with large amount of high dielectric constant nanofillers can then be polarized up to higher electric fields, hence enhancing the electric displacement. As a result, the topological‐structure modulated nanocomposites, with an optimally tailored nanomorphology and composite structure, yield a discharged energy density of 10 J/cm³ with a dielectric breakdown strength of 450 kV mm^–1, much higher than those reported from all earlier studies of nanocomposites.     

基于并行处理的一种新型有效的网络架构 BSN-MOT

摘 要：结合BSN及MOT架构的双重优势,提出一种新型的双层架构体系BSN-MOT(mesh of tree),并研究了其上的拓扑性质及在并行处理中应用的基本的通信操作算法。算法包括行、列树广播、单向广播、数据求和、矩阵乘积、最短路径路由及多项式求根。最后,本文通过与其他2种有效的树形双层网络架构Multi-Mesh of trees(MMT)及OMULT比较说明,基于BSN-MOT架构的通信算法要比其他2种网络有着更小些的时间复杂度,且BSN-MOT是一种更具有竞争力的体系结构形式。     

形态骨架匹配算法及其在交通标志识别中的应用

交通标志是人为的、具有特殊形状的符号，就其结构可分为外层轮廓和内核两部分。应用计算机视觉可以对交通标志进行自动识别．其关健在于如何检测交通标志和识别它们的内核形状。本文应用数学形态学方法研究交通标志内核形状的形态特征，分析了内核形状的形态骨架，提出和讨论了内核形态骨架的相关函数和距离函数，并就交通标志的有效识别提供了理论分析和实验结果。     

Defect Engineering in Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts: Insight into Intrinsic Carbon Defects

Functionalized carbon nanomaterials, as significant options for renewable energy systems, are widely utilized in diversified electrochemical reactions in virtue of property advantages. The inevitable defect sites in architectures greatly affect physicochemical properties of carbon nanomaterials, thus defect engineering has recently become a vital research orientation of carbon‐based electrocatalysts. The intentionally introduced intrinsic carbon defect sites in the frameworks can directly serve as the potential active sites owing to the altered surface charge state, modulated adsorption free energy of key intermediates, as well as diminished bandgap. Furthermore, the synergistic sites between intrinsic defects and heteroatom dopants/captured atomic metal species can further optimize the electronic structure and adsorption/desorption behavior, making carbon‐based catalysts comparable to commercial precious metal catalysts in electrocatalysis. With pressing research demands, the common configurations, construction strategies, structure–activity relationships, and characterization methods for intrinsic carbon defect‐involved catalytic centers are systematically summarized. Such theoretical and experimental evidences of intrinsic defect‐induced activity can reveal the active centers and relevant catalytic mechanism, thereby providing necessary guidance for the design and construction of highly efficient carbon‐based electrocatalysts and promoting their commercial applications.     

流体力学数值计算中建立六面体网格拓扑关系的并行算法

建立网格拓扑关系是弹箭气动力数值计算过程中关键的一步。文中根据六面体规则网格相邻单元的关系约定，提出一种基于MPI建立六面体网格拓扑关系的并行算法。详细介绍TN算法的基本原理，并行实行过程中的规则化处理，数据存储及计算通信过程。并通过数值试验证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于区间值模糊集的模糊区域拓扑关系模型

在GIS实际应用领域中,采样点的属性数据往往不是精确的数值,而是一个区间范围,对此类空间数据的建模、分析和推理越来越受到相关领域研究者的重视.利用区间值模糊集描述由不确定属性数据所圈定的模糊区域,基于区间值和区间值模糊集的运算性质,给出了模糊区域间拓扑关系的分析模型.该模型改进了基于经典模糊集及其截集的拓扑关系模型,对模糊区域拓扑关系的分析结果更符合人们的认知习惯,可以利用区间值结果进行推理和决策,能够有效地分析由区间值属性所确定的模糊区域间的拓扑关系,在地理信息系统和空间数据库等领域具有实际应用价值.     

离轴高阶贝塞尔-高斯涡旋光束的传输分析

研究高斯光束经螺旋相位板和轴棱锥产生高阶贝塞尔-高斯涡旋光束的离轴传输情况,对于离轴高阶贝塞尔-高斯光束的成因、 光强分布操控、光斑定位等实际应用具有一定的理论指导意义。利用菲涅尔衍射积分的卷积算法(Triple fast Fourier transform, T-FFT)对离轴高阶贝塞尔-高斯涡旋光束进行仿真分析,着重研究了螺旋相位板和轴棱锥的错位参数、拓扑荷数 以及传输距离等参数对光束带来的影响。分析表明:离轴高阶贝塞尔-高斯光束具有不均匀的光强分布,由于轴棱锥的偏移, 光束会整体发生偏移,传输不同距离光强不均匀分布情况不同,不同的拓扑荷数只影响光斑的扩展,螺旋相位板和轴棱锥离 轴参量值的多种组合会导致多种不同的光强分布情况,甚至出现暗核偏移。     

矢量化的图形用户界面研究

近年来,矢量图形技术的发展突飞猛进,尤其是W3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)推荐了开放的可缩放失量图形(SVG)标准之后,各种应用软件都企图应用SVG格式优化其图形用户界面.文章介绍了两种基本的图形理论,分析了SVG的一系列特点,并研究了应用SVG优化通信网管的图形用户界面.     

基于可靠性约束的网络多目标满意优化

利用满意优化方法综合考虑网络可靠性和网络费用,以此来建立网络拓扑结构设计的数学模型,并描述了用遗传算法求解该问题的方法。满意优化与遗传算法相结合成功解决了网络高可靠性和低费用之间的矛盾。最后,通过与一般优化方法结果相比较来说明算法的有效性,给出其仿真的结果。     

基于几何特征的飞机部位识别跟踪算法

针对复杂天气情况下形状可辨的飞机,提出了一种对飞机部位的识别跟踪算法。该算法利用飞机的几何特征,通过数学形态学的原理,在存有噪声干扰的运动图像中简单快速有效地识别出所需目标的重要部位,自动获取其跟踪模板,通过相关匹配技术实现对飞机重要部位的稳定跟踪。给出了应用该算法的具体步骤,并通过实验证明了该算法的有效性。