闸后水流运动的SPH法数值模拟

在对光滑离子流体动力学(SPH)法的基本原理、核函数及控制方程离散格式、边界处理方法等进行介绍的基础上建立了数值水槽模型,成功模拟了闸门开启后水流的界面变形、界面破碎、气泡的生成及溃灭,以及涌浪的生成过程。结果表明SPH法能够捕捉到流体的飞溅及融合现象,适于模拟具有瞬时极大变形等水流运动。     

Sequential ballistic movement

Studies of sequential ballistic movements showed that strong interaction occurs between components of a complex movement task. Within an individual component of the motion, a good predictor of movement time was the square root of the movement amplitude. There was a statistically significant influence of the preceding amplitude on the movement time, apart from the first component where the movement time was dependent on the immediate subsequent movement amplitude. Models for movement times are proposed for the different components of sequential movements.     

Development and validation of a biodynamic model for predicting multi-finger movements in cylinder-grasping tasks †

This article describes the development and validation of a model for predicting multi-finger movements in grasping activities. The model builds upon a newly proposed approach that incorporates forward dynamics and a system identification procedure, and is amenable to empirical tests. A database of multi-fingered grasping movements performed by 28 subjects was established and divided into four sets, one for model development and three for model validation. In the development phase, model parameter values were estimated by the iterative system identification procedure through a physics-based heuristic algorithm. The estimated parameter values were then statistically synthesised and integrated into the prediction model. In the validation phase, the model was applied to three novel datasets containing different grasping movements involving objects of varied sizes and different subjects. The results demonstrated the model's ability to predict hand prehensile movements with error magnitudes comparable to the inter-person variability in performing such movements. New insights into the control of multi-fingered hand prehensile movements at the systems and joint levels emerged from the model development and validation process. The current study contributes to building a foundation for long-term development of realistic biodynamic simulation of multi-finger hand movements. Such simulation capabilities will aid in design of hand-operated tools, devices or hand-intensive work for proactive ergonomics and in evaluation as well as treatment of functional impairment of the hand.     

Capture of shrinking targets

‘Shrinking targets’ are targets whose size diminishes with time. The task studied is a modification of Fitts' (1954 Fitts, P. M. 1954. The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67(6): 381–391. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) paradigm, with the difference that, as soon as the movement is started, the target size reduces at a constant rate until it finally vanishes. Very little research has been reported on this problem apart from Johnson and Hart (1987 Johnson, W. W. and Hart, S. G. Step tracking shrinking targets. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 31st annual meeting. October1987, New York City. pp.248–252. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.  [Google Scholar]) and Hancock and Caird (1993 Hancock, P. A. and Caird, J. K. 1993. Experimental evaluation of a model of mental workload. Human Factors, 35(3): 413–429. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Two experiments are reported aimed at determining the parameters that affect the movement time and the probability of capturing a target when there are different amplitudes of movement, target widths and shrink rates. A multiplicative model is required to describe movement time data, which is dependent on Fitts' Index of Difficulty, the shrink rate and the product of these two variables. An alternative model describes the critical movement time, for a specified probability of target capture, in a modified form of Fitts' Law.

Statement of Relevance: Modifications of Fitts' Law have been developed for many different movement tasks. Shrinking targets occur in circumstances such as gunnery and in computer games, where a target is moving away from the person. An expression is developed for the critical time to capture the target in terms of a modified form of Fitts' Law.     

Does fatigue exist in a quantitative measurement of eye movements?

Abstract

The measurement system for quantitative analysis of eye movements and distribution of eye fixation points was developed through the study. Experiments on physiological fatigue characteristics of eye movements were studied using the system. The subjects involved in the study were six young males. No significant change was quantitatively found in saccadic eye movements during and/or after five hours of rapid eye tracking tasks. The saccadic velocity of two subjects were found in binocular decreased temporarily. The maximum velocity of eye movements obtained in the present experiment was ascertained in order to produce a scale for various visual work as an ergonomic index.     

The influence of combined visual and tactile information on finger and eye movements during shape tracing

Abstract

Adaptation experiments in shape tracing were conducted to investigate finger and eye movements in various conditions of visual and tactile information. Maximum velocity, mean velocity, maximum acceleration and reacceleration point were calculated from finger movements. Number of eye fixations and lead time of eye fixation to finger position were calculated from eye movements. The results showed that for the finger movement the values of the indices studied were higher in the combined visual and tactile condition than in the visual only condition. The number of eye fixations decreased when subjects repeated the tracing and was more marked in the combined visual and tactile condition than in the visual only condition. The results suggest that finger movements become faster and use of vision is reduced when both visual and tactile information are given.     

开采沉陷岩移参数研究现状分析

开采沉陷岩移参数是表征岩层和地表移动规律的重要参数,其取值的准确与否直接影响到矿山生产设计的合理性和安全性.开采沉陷岩移参数的确定方法主要有实测数据拟合、回归分析、工程类比、神经网络、力学反演分析法和模糊数学方法.在综合分析大量文献的基础上,综述了开采沉陷岩移参数的研究现状,指出了可以应用相似理论确定不同地质采矿条件下开采沉陷岩移参数.     

旋翼飞行机器人的动力学建模与容错自适应控制

针对目前无人飞行器在受限环境执行作业时操控性和安全性不足的问题,设计了一种基于旋翼动力的碟式自主旋翼飞行机器人(rotor aerial robot,RAR),采用内置桨叶和冗余执行机构以增强飞行器的安全性和容错能力,采用内、外双旋翼系统和碟式机体构架以提高空气动力特性和操控性能.运用牛顿-欧拉方法建立了系统的6自由度(six-degrees-of-freedom,6-DOF)动力学模型,根据模型执行环节易受气动干扰或故障等因素影响而出现参数不稳定的问题,设计了容错自适应控制方法,在Matlab/SIMULINK环境下以飞行器的侧向通道控制为例进行了仿真实验,验证了旋翼飞行机器人具有良好的操控性和鲁棒性.     

无线传感器网络节点移动路径优化方法

为解决移动传感器修复网络覆盖空洞时最优级联移动路径的选择问题,综合考虑中间级联节点的个数和能量,提出了选择级联移动路径的优化方法.该方法通过计算中间级联节点的能量可用率,进一步得出各路径的能量可用率和决定性能量,从多目标优化的角度来选择最优的级联移动路径,有效均衡了各移动传感器的能耗,充分利用了整个网络的能量,从而延长了网络的生存时间.仿真结果表明,该优化方法比标准的级联移动方法有更高的网络能量使用效率.     

双基阵方位—频率匀加速运动目标跟踪算法研究

针对水中匀加速运动目标的跟踪,将两部声纳基阵量测的目标方位信息和其中一部声纳基阵量测的目标频率信息作观测融合后,根据匀加速运动状态方程,建立双基阵方位—频率匀加速运动目标跟踪系统。对于系统的非线性性,根据量测值应用非线性滤波算法对匀加速运动目标进行状态估计,从而提出了一种双基阵方位—频率匀加速运动目标跟踪算法。将系统的观测方程伪线性化,应用线性系统可观测性判定定理对系统的可观测性进行分析,得到了该系统的可观测性判定条件。仿真验证了算法的有效性与可观测性判定条件的正确性。