A New Image Analysis Based Method for Measuring Electrospun Nanofiber Diameter

In this paper, a new image analysis based method for electrospun nanofiber diameter measurement has been presented. The method was tested by a simulated image with known characteristics and a real web. Mean (M) and standard deviation (STD) of fiber diameter obtained using this method for the simulated image were 15.02 and 4.80 pixels respectively, compared to the true values of 15.35 and 4.47 pixels. For the real web, applying the method resulted in M and STD of 324 and 50.4 nm which are extremely close to the values of 319 and 42 nm obtained using manual method. The results show that this approach is successful in making fast, accurate automated measurements of electrospun fiber diameters.     

提升管-下行床耦合反应器模拟

采用轴径向二维扩散模型对提升管-下行床耦合反应器催化裂化反应进行了数学模拟,并与提升管及下行床进行了对比.结果表明,在下行床之前耦合一段适当长度的提升管不仅可以保证原料具有较高的转化率,而且可以保证目的产品的选择性较高,缩短达到相同产品收率所需的下行床长度.这种耦合反应器充分利用了提升管与下行床各自的优势,并可以根据具体的原料及产品需求调整进料的位置以改变提升段与下行段的长度比例,实现柔性操作.     

Study on the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in cement mortar by electrochemical noise measurements

The corrosion behavior of reinforcing steel in cement mortar has been studied by electrochemical noise (EN) compared with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The wavelet transform, as well as the statistical methods including the standard deviation of current noise (σ_I) and noise resistance (R_n), has been employed to analyze the EN data of reinforcing steel in mortar. It is revealed that there exist three different corrosion stages of reinforcing steel in cement mortar, including a competition process between breakdown and repassivation of passive film, a pitting development and an active corrosion during the 20 cyclic immersion and drying tests. The energy distribution plot (EDP) is able to provide useful information about the dominant process for the different corrosion stages.     

Evaluation of microbially influenced corrosion with electrochemical noise analysis and signal processing

Corrosion behaviors of stainless steel (SS304), with attached Acidithiobacilus ferrooxidans (ATF) bacteria and exposed to three different types of artificial saliva solutions, namely: (1) Jenkin's solution, (2) Tomasi's solution, and (3) NaCl solution, have been monitored using electrochemical noise (ECN) analysis and signal processing techniques. The ECN data has been analyzed in time and frequency domains, and the time-domain analysis was used to calculate parameters such as skewness, kurtosis and noise resistance, R_n. The corrosion mechanisms were analyzed in terms of the ranges of skewness and kurtosis. The frequency analysis showed that the conventional fast Fourier transforms (FFT) method failed to differentiate among the ECN signals obtained in different solutions with and without the attachment of bacteria. Therefore, the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) was introduced to process ECN signals and has been demonstrated as a better tool to describe the corrosion behaviors of electrodes in different solutions.     

铝型材喷涂化学转化处理工艺现状与发展

从铬酸盐化学转化膜、磷铬化法和无铬化学转化法等方面对化学转化膜的现状进行了综述.详细介绍了几种无铬化学转化处理方法,并对其优、缺点进行了比较.强调了无铬化学转化取代铬化的发展方向.     

Study of image processing for V-shape groove and robotic weld seam tracking based on laser vision

Single-stripe laser was applied to acquire V-shape groove contour information. Most of arc light and splash noise was removed and stripe laser image was kept by wavelet transform. Half-threshold algorithm was used for image segmentation and stripe laser image was gotten after refining. Weld seam center position was identified and extracted by extreme curvature corner detection method. The location of torch was detected to accord the frequency of computer program with robot program and serial communication program. The tracking experiments of sidelong, reflex and curve weld line show that the system can meet the demand of the tracking precision under normal welding conditions.     

Transient dynamical analysis of strain signals in sheet metal stamping processes

On-line monitoring of stamping processes can be carried out based on various sensors, such as force, strain, acceleration, proximity, and acoustic emission sensors. The strain sensor signal is the most favourite because of its effectiveness and acquisition cost as well as it contains rich information about the stamping process. The key problem of stamping monitoring is how to extract features from the strain signal to effectively detect the faults. The strain signal, however, is a transient signal that depends on many factors. In this paper, it is intended to address some new methods to analyse the transient strain signal with the objective of decomposing it in order to understand the dynamics of the stamping process and extract a malfunction signal for fault detection. A latent process model method, which is a combination of a time-varying auto-regression model and a dynamic linear model, is initially presented. Continuous wavelet transforms and a new discrete wavelet transform (maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform) are then addressed to project the transient signal into a time scale plan to represent the dynamical behaviour in a different way. Empirical mode decomposition is finally employed to decompose the transient signal into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The advantage of this new method is that it is adaptive and highly efficient. The performance of the methods employed in this paper is reviewed using two real strain signals in a sheet metal stamping process. It is found that these methods can efficiently provide the energy–frequency–time distribution of the transient strain signal.     

基于物理层信息加密的卫星隐蔽通信研究

为了增强卫星通信信号的隐蔽性和安全性,提出一种基于物理层信息加密的加权分数傅里叶变换（WFRFT）调制方式。结合WFRFT的低概率截获特性以及无线信道状态信息（CSI）的动态唯一性,在WFRFT系统中构造一个具有加密性质的酉矩阵,克服了传统WFRFT方法的不足,增加了信号处理的多样性。加密酉矩阵的生成利用了卫星通信系统的物理层信道特征,合法通信双方通过约定方式将合法信道的CSI转化为相位旋转因子,并以此为密钥完成对传输信号的加密和解调。仿真结果表明,经酉矩阵加密后的卫星信号在保持原WFRFT信号统计特性的基础上具有更复杂的星座分布,窃听者的误码率始终保持在0.5左右,有效保证了信息的安全传输。     

一种识别谐波分量主瓣干扰的方法

加窗插值快速傅里叶变换是目前最常用的谐波信号分析方法。当信号中含有频率相近的谐波和间谐波分量时,频谱中通常存在主瓣干扰现象,影响到加窗插值快速傅里叶变换的精度。针对这一问题,研究了主瓣内谱线的相位特性,提出了一种判断主瓣干扰存在的方法,进而识别出频率相近的谐波和间谐波分量。仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和准确性。     

分数导数Kelvin粘弹性土中管桩的扭转振动

将管桩桩周土和桩芯土均看作粘弹性介质,同时运用分数导数Kelvin粘弹性本构模型描述桩周土和桩芯土的应力应变关系。仅考虑桩周土和桩芯土的环向位移,通过Fourier变换和分离变量法求解了桩周和桩芯分数导数Kelvin粘弹性土的扭转振动。考虑桩周土和桩芯土对管桩的作用力,建立了分数导数Kelvin粘弹性土中管桩的扭转振动方程,通过求解管桩的扭转振动得到了频率域内管桩桩顶的扭转复刚度。结果表明：桩周土本构模型参数α₁和T_b1对管桩的扭转振动有一定的影响,而桩芯土的本构模型参数α₂和T_b2对管桩扭转振动的影响与频率有关;桩芯土与桩周土剪切模量比μ小于1且μ较大时,扭转复刚度实部和虚部随频率变化曲线波动较大,而μ大于1时其对管桩扭转振动的影响很小;管桩壁厚、长径比和管桩与土体的剪切模量比G_p对管桩的扭转影响较大。