Effect of Pt Incorporation into Ni/ZrO2–SO 4 = /Al2O3 Catalyst for n-Butane Isomerization

Three Ni/ZrO₂–SO₄⁼/Al₂O₃ catalysts with different concentrations of platinum (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt%) were prepare and tested for n-butane isomerization reaction at 338 K, in absence and in presence of hydrogen. The results shown that, at low temperature, platinum contributes to the olefin or butyl ion formation and the reaction follows a bimolecular pathway. However, when the reaction occurs in the presence of hydrogen, the formation of butyl ions is inhibited. The main feature of platinum addition is the stabilization of the catalytic activity, which is indicated by the slow deactivation constants compared to that of the unpromoted catalyst.     

Recent studies of self-condensation and co-condensation of melamine-formaldehyde resins; cure at low temperatures

Self-condensation: recent research on the chemical pathways by which alcoholated melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins react with themselves and on the product structures is summarized. Model compound studies suggest that bridges are less stable than widely thought unless they are in hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine ring structures. In acyclic structures they are probably less stable than bridges. Co-condensation: studies of how the composition of MF resins influences the rates of reaction with poly(ol) co-reactant show that MF resins that contain very low levels of and/or functionality are quite reactive. Reactivities of a variety of poly(ester) and acrylic coreactants were studied. By combining reactive MF resins with reactive co-reactants one can formulate high solids enamels that cure by co-condensation in 30 min at 50 to 65 °C with 0.5 parts per hundred (phr) of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) catalyst. Cure at 25 °C appears feasible with higher catalyst levels.     

Durability of Adhesion Between Metals and Polymers

Adequate adhesion between metals and polymers is primarily the result of chemical bonds in the boundary layer. This region, however, is subject to degradation by moisture. Three modes of deterioration are observed. The first is a largely reversible weakening effect in the polymer layer near the metal oxide surface. The structure of this layer differs from that of the bulk and is influenced by the chemical and physical properties of the surface. The second is a slow transformation of the oxide by hydration and a diffusion of oxide constituents into the polymer. This process is irreversible and is influenced by the state of the surface and chemical properties of the polymer. The third is a fast deterioration of the oxide by primary corrosion usually initiating at an unprotected edge but occasionally arising within the body of a joint.     

固体酸催化剂作用下氯苯硝化的区域选择性研究

制备了SO^2-4/ZrO2催化剂并研究了该催化剂作用下硝酸硝化氯苯的区域选择性，反应具有强对位选择性硝化能力，催化剂经500℃焙烧后，在反应温度为30℃和反应30min时，氯苯一硝化产物中邻／对硝基氯苯异构体的质量比达0．23，产物得率可达55．5％，催化剂重复使用4次，其催化活性减少不大。     

Crystal Chemistry and Phase Transitions in Substituted Pollucites along the CsAlSi2O6-CsTiSi2O6.5 Join: A Powder Synchrotron X-ray Diffractometry Study

The crystal structures for a suite of substituted pollucites with the compositions CsTi _x Al_{1– x} Si₂O_{6+0.5 x} , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, have been determined from Rietveld analysis of powder synchrotron XRD data. Our results indicate that the pollucite end member (CsAlSi₂O₆) has a tetragonal structure (space group I 4₁/ a ), whereas all other compositions are cubic (space group Ia 3 d ). The increased symmetry for the titanium-substituted structures is presumably due to the incorporation of additional O²⁻ anions (needed for compensating the charge imbalance between Ti⁴⁺ and Al³⁺), which effectively holds open the expanded cubic framework. In situ cooling experiments of the substituted phase CsTi_0.1Al_0.9Si₂O_6.05 reveal a displacive transformation to the tetragonal structure at ∼230 K. This transformation is tricritical in nature and is analogous to the tetragonal-to-cubic transition in pollucite on heating.     

2,2′-oxo-1,1′-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye (Secale cereale L.) allelochemical in field soils byAcinetobacter calcoaceticus: III

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone (BOA) to 2,2-oxo-1,1-azobenzene (AZOB). Experiments were conducted to evaluate the transformation of BOA to AZOB by this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. Transformation studies with soils inoculated withA. calcoaceticus indicated that the production of AZOB increased linearly with the concentration of BOA in sterile soil and showed a quadratic trend in nonsterile soils. This also indicated that all soil types studied for the transformation experiments might containA. calcoaceticus capable of the conversion of benzoxazolinones.     

Phase diagrams for oil/methanol/ether mixtures

One-phase transmethylations of vegetable oils with methanol to form methyl esters occur considerably faster than conventional two-phase reactions. Addition of simple ethers is an efficient method for producing a single phase. Ternary phase diagrams have been determined at 23°C for oil/methanol/ether mixtures; these are useful when applying the one-phase method across a wide range of conditions. Soybean, canola, palm, and coconut oils were used in combination with five ethers, namely, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane (DO), diethyl ether (DE), diisopropyl ether (DI), andtert-butyl methyl ether (TBM). All five ethers can produce miscibility for all methanol/oil compositions. The ether/methanol volumetric ratios required for miscibility at a methanol/soybean or canola oil volumetric ratio of 0.20 (5.4 molar ratio) at 23°C are: THF, 1.15; DO, 1.60; DE, 1.38 DI, 1.57; and TBM, 1.57. For THF, this results in one-phase mixtures that contain 65 vol% oil. Soybean and canola oil form identical diagrams. Palm oil requires slightly less ether at the lower methanol concentrations, but coconut oil requires considerably less across the whole concentration range. Acid-catalyzed reactions, when performed at the boiling point of the most volatile component, require less ether than predicted from the diagrams.     

Alkylation of aldehydes with methanol over titanium oxide catalysts

The methylation of various aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde over titanium oxidesupported vanadium oxide was studied under atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 250–400°C. The catalyst properties of titanium oxide can be enhanced only by addition of a fairly small amount of vanadium. High-temperature treatment transforms titanium oxide, the support, from anatase to rutile, which causes the catalysts to lose their catalytic properties. The reactivity of these can be ranked in the following order: acetaldehyde > propionaldehyde > phenylacetaldehyde. The steric effect of the substituted groups in propionaldehyde or phenylacetaldehyde may prevent self-condensation to form oligomers and to give a high selectivity of alkylated products.     

GMA接枝SEBS及其对PA 6的改性及增容

用双螺杆反应挤出法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)上(即SEBS-g-GMA)，研究引发剂过氧化二异丙苯用量、活性单体GMA用量对接枝率的影响；通过双螺杆挤出、共混，制备聚酰胺(PA)6／SEBS-g-GMA、PA 6／SEBS-g-GMA／SEBS合金，研究SEBS-g-GMA对合金体系的相容性影响及增韧作用，探讨了合金体系的形态结构和力学性能。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定甜橙中哒螨灵和螺螨酯

[目的]建立了甜橙全果、果肉、果皮、果渣、橙汁和精油等6项基质中哒螨灵和螺螨酯的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析检测方法(HPLC-MS/MS)。[方法]甜橙样品经乙腈提取,PSA、GCB、MgSO4净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪配备电喷雾正离子多反应监测(MRM),外标法定量。[结果]甜橙6种基质通过此分析检测方法,哒螨灵和螺螨酯在0.001~1.25 mg/L质量浓度范围线性相关系数不小于0.9965,3个加标水平(0.01、0.5、5 mg/kg)下哒螨灵回收率为81%~93%,RSD为0.5%~6.5%,螺螨酯回收率为81%~99%,RSD为0.5%~7.9%。[结论]该方法简单、方便、灵敏度、准确度高,覆盖甜橙全项样品基质,可适用于大批量样品快速分析。