铰接顶梁接头模具的热处理

叙述了热锻模的工作条件及材料分析 ,对铰接顶梁接头模具的热处理工艺作了探讨。     

长江上游高洪水期泥沙输移特性

长江上游高洪水期(汛期)泥沙输移特性是决定三峡库区泥沙淤积的关键因素,直接关乎三峡水库使用寿命及综合效益的发挥。借助干、支流长系列水沙资料,分析了长江三峡水库入库寸滩站高洪水期泥沙输移特性,结果表明:近40 a来,寸滩站场次洪水中7 d洪量未出现趋势性变化,而7 d沙量显著减少,高洪水期输沙经历了“涨水输沙占优—涨、落水基本持平—落水输沙占优”的变化过程。2013年以前,寸滩站高洪水期径流及泥沙均主要来自于金沙江,而向家坝、溪洛渡水电站陆续投运后,2013—2019年寸滩站洪水场次(洪峰流量30 000 m³/s以上)共计14场。从径流来源来看,仅4场主要来自于金沙江,其余9场主要来自于嘉陵江,1场来自岷江;从泥沙来源来看,9场主要来自于嘉陵江,其余5场分别来自于沱江、岷江、横江,金沙江已不是寸滩站高洪水期过程中泥沙的主要来源区。研究成果可为三峡水库沙峰排沙调度、库尾减淤调度提供理论支撑,为长江泥沙治理提供保障。     

Investigation of oil palm harvesting tools design and technique on work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper body

The oil palm industry is one of the important sectors in Malaysia. The growth and development of this industry shows that Malaysia is the world second-largest oil palm producers. However, in the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting process, the harvesters are exposed to many types of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The FFB harvesters tend to develop WMSDs especially the shoulders and trunk. Hence, it is important to identify the exposure levels, awkward postures and the reaction forces of muscle activity based on the posture and movement of the harvesters when using pole, chisel and loading spike during the harvesting process. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the design of oil palm FFB harvesting tools on WMSDs of the upper body. Rapid Upper Limb Analysis (RULA) was used to investigate and assess the exposure level on the harvester body during the harvesting process. The assessment showed that the shoulders and trunk have high exposure level and undergo awkward posture. Human Musculoskeletal Model Analysis (HMMA) was used to identify the reaction force exerted on the muscle during the FFB harvesting process. In this study, 4 muscles were analysed including Triceps, Biceps, Erector Spinae and Psoas Major. The highest reaction force of 16.36 N was found on the left triceps when handling a loading spike. In conclusion, it is important to address the risks by reviewing all possible aspects that contribute to the WMSDs and interventions on the tool design, task and working shifts may be required.     

大气电场倒转与突发钠层及突发E层的相关性

突发钠层(Sporadic Sodium Layer, Na_S)是中高层大气金属层最为显著的一种现象,其发生机制目前尚无定论。突发E层(Sporadic E layer, E_S)是等离子体密度异常增大的薄层,被认为与Na_S密切相关。为进一步研究Na_S及E_S事件之间相关性及影响因素,利用中国科学院“子午工程”2010～2018年合肥科大站宽带钠荧光共振激光雷达观测结果,并结合武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪及九峰站大气电场仪数据,分析大气电场倒转(即北向电场)对Na_S以及E_S事件的影响。在统计的91例Na_S事件中,发生于大气电场倒转时的比例为20/91; 同时,在发生Na_S事件的事例中,E_S消失或中断的比例较大(14/20),表明E_S可能以提供钠源的形式转化为Na_S。此外,在分析武汉左岭镇站数字测高仪数据的同时进行概率统计,结果表明:当大气电场倒转时,E_S临界频率减小甚至消失的概率较大(187/242),少数情况下可能造成临界频率增大甚至激发E_S生成(55/242); E_S虚高消失比例为179/242,E_S不变比例为27/242,E_S上升比例为23/242。综上所述,大气北向电场在一定程度上对E_S事件的发生有抑制作用,并对E_S事件的发生高度有明显影响。最后,对一种与电场倒转相关的突发钠层机制也进行了讨论。     

欠驱动异构式下肢康复机器人动力学分析及参数优化

针对现有外骨骼机器人人机自由度不匹配和关节对中性差的问题,提出欠驱动下肢康复机器人. 欠驱动机器人只有4个直线驱动,驱动的直线运动通过推杆和人机连接机构转化为人下肢在矢状面内的屈伸运动,带动人体进行步态康复训练. 建立机器人系统的人机耦合模型,进行模型的动力学分析,对人机耦合模型中影响动力学结果的参数进行分析,建立驱动力与肢体推动力之间的关系模型,并以推力系数最大为目标进行参数分析与优化,得到最佳的结构参数. 根据优化后的结构参数搭建康复机器人实验系统,对髋、膝关节驱动力与角度进行对比. 实验结果表明最大髋关节角度误差为2.9°,最大膝关节角度误差为6.4°,最大误差均约为9%,验证了动力学模型和参数优化结果的正确性.     

基于似人特性的机器人拟人臂自主抓取动作规划

针对拟型服务机器人在家庭环境中的自主抓取任务,提出了一种强调运动姿态似人特性的机器人手臂动作的运动规划方法.该方法基于人体工程学中的快速上肢评估准则评价机器人运动姿态的似人特性,并在此基础上以机器人传速速率最优为目标规划机器人持物动作的姿态构型.最后以Motoman SDA10D拟人双臂机器人为例,具体介绍了该方法的应用和规划的结果,规划结果证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Downscaling of the flood discharge in a probabilistic framework

Many modeled and observed data are in coarse resolution, which are required to be downscaled. This study develops a probabilistic method to downscale 3-hourly runoff to hourly resolution. Hourly data recorded at the Poldokhtar Stream gauge (Karkheh River basin, Iran) during flood events (2009–2019) are divided into two groups including calibration and validation. Statistical tests including Chi-Square and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test indicate that the Burr distribution is proper distribution functions for rising and falling limbs of the floods’ hydrograph in calibration (2009–2013). A conditional ascending/descending random sampling from the constructed distributions on rising/falling limb is applied to produce hourly runoff. The hourly-downscaled runoff is rescaled based on observation to adjust mean three-hourly data. To evaluate the efficiency of the developed method, statistical measures including root mean square error, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and correlation are used to assess the performance of the downscaling method not only in calibration but also in validation (2014–2019). Results show that the hourly downscaled runoff is in close agreement with observations in both calibration and validation periods. In addition, cumulative distribution functions of the downscaled runoff closely follow the observed ones in rising and falling limb in two periods. Although the performance of many statistical downscaling methods decreases in extreme values, the developed model performs well at different quantiles (less and more frequent values). This developed method that can properly downscale other hydroclimatological variables at any time and location is useful to provide high-resolution inputs to drive other models. Furthermore, high-resolution data are required for valid and reliable analysis, risk assessment, and management plans.     

沉降及外部荷载作用下益阳管廊防护效果分析

地下管廊常因填土沉降和外部荷载等原因造成管廊结构崩溃、接口错位、脱节、管身裂缝、破损等结构损伤。针对填土沉降和外部荷载作用下管廊出现的问题,结合益阳管廊项目,利用FLAC3D有限差分方法模拟土工布对填土沉降的防护以及土工格栅的构造因素对外部荷载作用下的管廊防护进行研究,模拟结果表明:益阳管廊底部铺设土工布可以有效控制填土沉降;管廊上部铺设3层,宽度为12 m的土工格栅有效减轻、分散外部荷载对管廊的作用力。     

2n阶常微分方程边界问题解的存在性

本文运用上下解的方法,对方程中某些项的条件放宽的情况下,给出了一类2n阶常微分方程边界问题解的存在性定理.     

An evaluation of deep thin coal seams and water-beating/resisting layers in the quaternary system using seismic inversion

Non-liner wave equation inversion, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parame-ters and the distribution of thin coal seams. The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted. The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters, stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs, and extracting, studying and predicting seismic attributes. Seismic inversion parameters, including the layer velocity and wave impedance, were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis. Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure. This enhanced the stability of the inversion method. Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system. Interpretation of the 1-2 m thin coal seams, and also of the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system, is provided. The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m. The pre-dictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit, which is one of the principles of green mining.